亡者的文化迴響：臺灣爭議性墓葬襲產化的空間政治
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Date
2021-08-??
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地理學系
Department of Geography, NTNU
Department of Geography, NTNU
Abstract
墓葬是紀念構造物，埋葬亡者以慰生人，但也承載了多樣意義，迴盪著文化聲響。本文探討臺灣近年的墓葬保存運動，考察襲產化如何成為連結歷史記憶、文化價值和當代生活的策略，同時激起重塑亡者地景的空間政治。作者首先概述臺灣墓葬襲產價值，自中華國族、名人士紳，以迄轉型正義和常民歷史的轉變。民主化趨勢下，墓葬襲產不再由國家與權貴壟斷，邊緣社群也漸獲肯認。作者接著以臺北六張犁「戒嚴時期政治受難者墓園」、雲林西螺「大承墓園」、高雄「覆鼎金公墓」，以及臺南「南山公墓」為例，探討其爭取襲產地位的不同論述。研究發現，賦予亡者政治意義的論述，涉及國族與轉型正義敘事的競逐，常民墓葬地景的文史價值宣稱，則牽涉城郊公墓作為都市擴張用地的爭議。作者主張，爭議性墓葬的襲產化是一種正當化機制，將特定亡者和墓葬基礎設施轉化為迴盪不同價值的文化地景。墓葬襲產化蘊含的各種張力，促使襲產成為文化抵抗場域，體現了保存與紀念的政治性。再者，不同案例呈現了墓葬基礎設施的不同轉化模式，而文化基礎設化的串接效應，則呈現了墓葬襲產化的可能出路。
Tombs are memorial structures that bury the dead to comfort others, but they also carry various meanings and reverberate with cultural repercussions. This article explores the cemetery preservation movement in Taiwan in recent years, and examines how heritagization has become a strategy for linking historical memory, cultural value and contemporary life with each other, and at the same time inspires the spatial politics of reshaping the landscape of the dead. The authors first outline the transformation of raveheritages values in Taiwan from the Chinese nationality, celebrities and gentry, to transitional justice and the history of ordinary people. Under the democratization trend, grave heritage is no longer monopolized by the state, the rich and the powerful, and marginal communities have gradually been recognized. The authors then took Taipei's Liuzhangli "Cemetery for Political Victims during the Martial Law", Yunlin Xiluo's "Dacheng Cemetery", Kaohsiung's "Fudingjin Cemetery", and Tainan's "Nanshan Cemetery" as examples to explore their discourses for the status of heritage. The study found that the discourse that confers political significance to the dead involves the competition for the narratives of nationality and transitional justice, and the claims of cultural and historical values of the burial landscape of the common people involve disputes over the use of suburban cemeteries as land for urban expansion. The authors argue that the heritagization of controversial tombs is a justification mechanism that transforms specific dead and grave infrastructure into cultural landscapes that reverberate with different values. The tensions in the cemetery heritagization have promoted heritage as a field of cultural resistance, which embodies the political nature of preservation and commemoration. Furthermore, different cases have presented different modes of the transformation of grave infrastructure, and the articulation effects of cultural infrastructure have presented a possible way out for tomb heritagization.
Tombs are memorial structures that bury the dead to comfort others, but they also carry various meanings and reverberate with cultural repercussions. This article explores the cemetery preservation movement in Taiwan in recent years, and examines how heritagization has become a strategy for linking historical memory, cultural value and contemporary life with each other, and at the same time inspires the spatial politics of reshaping the landscape of the dead. The authors first outline the transformation of raveheritages values in Taiwan from the Chinese nationality, celebrities and gentry, to transitional justice and the history of ordinary people. Under the democratization trend, grave heritage is no longer monopolized by the state, the rich and the powerful, and marginal communities have gradually been recognized. The authors then took Taipei's Liuzhangli "Cemetery for Political Victims during the Martial Law", Yunlin Xiluo's "Dacheng Cemetery", Kaohsiung's "Fudingjin Cemetery", and Tainan's "Nanshan Cemetery" as examples to explore their discourses for the status of heritage. The study found that the discourse that confers political significance to the dead involves the competition for the narratives of nationality and transitional justice, and the claims of cultural and historical values of the burial landscape of the common people involve disputes over the use of suburban cemeteries as land for urban expansion. The authors argue that the heritagization of controversial tombs is a justification mechanism that transforms specific dead and grave infrastructure into cultural landscapes that reverberate with different values. The tensions in the cemetery heritagization have promoted heritage as a field of cultural resistance, which embodies the political nature of preservation and commemoration. Furthermore, different cases have presented different modes of the transformation of grave infrastructure, and the articulation effects of cultural infrastructure have presented a possible way out for tomb heritagization.