布拉姆斯《新愛之歌》作品分析與音樂詮釋

Abstract

布拉姆斯（Johannes Brahms, 1833-1897）處於浪漫樂派新舊交替之時代，憑藉其保守與嚴謹之創作與個人偏好之民歌風格，為自己開創一條新的道路。一生創作曲種與數量豐富，除歌劇外，有大型管弦樂的作品，中型之室內樂作品，也有小型獨唱與重唱之藝術歌曲等。 在專業歌者與演出曲目日漸增廣之需求下，布拉姆斯自1859年開始創作聲樂四重唱作品，並且受到當時維也納之社會風氣影響，以四重唱與四手聯彈之編制，創作兩組「圓舞曲」音樂風格之作品，一八六九年完成《愛之歌》（Liebeslieder, Op. 52, 1869）十八首樂曲，出版後大受好評，因此繼續著手創作如續集般之《新愛之歌》（Neue Liebeslieder, Op. 65, 1875），並於一八七五年出版。 《新愛之歌》共十五首樂曲，一至十四首歌詞承接《愛之歌》，由道默（Georg Friedrich Daumer, 1800-1875）翻譯各國當地文學詩詞之《文選集》（Polydora），最後一首則以歌德（Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1749-1832）於一七九六年創作之悲歌《艾烈希斯和朵拉》（Alexis und Dora）之其中一段〈結論〉（Zum Schluß）作為對兩組《愛之歌》之結論。 本論文共分為五個部份，分別是緒論、背景探究、十五首樂曲分析、音樂詮釋與結論，探討布拉姆斯十五首歌曲選用之詩詞內容，於編制、曲式、旋律、調性、和聲、節奏、織度、力度等之變化，給予音樂分析與詮釋上之建議。另有三則附錄，其一為十五首歌曲之音樂要素綜合整理表，其二為十五首歌曲之歌詞單字解釋，其三為研究者解說音樂會之節目單。

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897) is often considered both a traditionalist and an innovator. In facing a brand new musical period, his conservative, strict attitudes, preference and vision to folk songs, created a whole new path for him. He was a prolific composer, with works such as orchestral, chamber music and vocal works. Due to the demands of lieder as the number professional singers increased, Brahms composed several vocal quartet works. At the same time, under the influence of his era, Brahms composed two waltzes of four solo voices and piano for four hands. He finished Liebeslieder in 1869, which included 18 songs. Liebeslieder earned him great acclaim. Therefore, he continued to compose Neue Liebeslieder, which was published in 1875. There are 15 songs in Neue Liebeslieder. The lyrics of the first to fourteenth songs were chosen from Georg Friedrich Daumer’s Polydora, which were poems translated from various countries. The lyrics of the final song, which was the conclusion of Liebeslieder and Neue Liebeslieder, were chosen from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s “Zum Schluß” of Alexis und Dora. The current thesis focuses on lyrics of the songs, the differences between the voices, form, melody, tonality, harmony, rhythm, texture, dynamics, and provides suggestions for music analysis and interpretation. The thesis consists of five parts: an introduction, a breif review of Brahms’s life and works, the analysis of the 15 songs, the interpretation of the work, and a conclusion. There are also 3 appendices attached, appendix 1 includes the form of musical elements of 15 songs. Appendix 2 offers the translation of the lyrics of the 15 songs. Appendix 3 is the program of the lecture recital.