單親兒童與雙親兒童父母管教方式及生活適應之比較研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討單親兒童與雙親兒童之父母管教方式及生活適應之差異，藉以了解目前單親兒童及雙親兒童在父母管教方式及生活適應上的現況，並進一步探討不同性別、年級、家庭社經地位等的單親兒童與雙親兒童在父母管教方式及生活適應上的差異。本研究以問卷調查法進行資料蒐集，研究對象為台北縣市國小四、五、六年級共1303位單親與雙親兒童，所使用之研究工具包括「個人基本資料表」、「父母管教方式量表」與「國小學生生活適應量表」。有效樣本以描述性統計、卡方考驗、獨立樣本t考驗與單因子變異數分析等統計方法進行資料之整理與分析。本研究結果發現：1.雙親兒童父母管教方式以「開明權威」類型最多，單親兒童的父親則以「忽視冷漠」為最多；2.單親兒童生活適應情形較雙親兒童為差；3.雙親兒童的父母管教方式因社經地位而有差異；4.雙親兒童之生活適應因性別、年級、手足、主要照顧者及社經地位等因素而有差異；5.單親兒童之生活適應因年級、手足因素而有差異；6.父母採「開明權威」管教方式者兒童生活適應較佳，採「忽視冷漠」者則較差。最後，根據研究結果，對家長、教師、助人工作者及未來研究提供建議。The main purpose of this study was to explore the differences of parenting styles and life adjustment between children who are raised by single-parent and double-parents. It explored how children perceived their parenting styles and their own life adjustment. It also analyzed the difference between participants’ various demographic variables such as gender, grades, and social-economical status of family. This study adopted a questionnaire survey. Participants in this study were 1,303 fourth, fifth and sixth graders in the metropolitan Taipei area. The three research measurements used were ‘Personal information Form,’ ‘Parenting style measurement,’ and ‘Life adjustment measurement for elementary students’. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, chi-square test, t-test and one-way ANOVA. The major results of the research were: 1. The most common parenting styles among double-parents were ‘authoritative’ as opposed to the single fathers were ‘neglecting’. 2. The life adjustment of single-parent children were worse than those of double-parents. 3. Double-parents’ parenting styles differs according to social-economical status of family. 4. Double-parents children’s life adjustment differs according to gender, grade, number of sibling, primary care person and social-economical status of family. 5. Single-parent children’s life adjustment differs according to grade and number of sibling. 6. The ‘authoritative’ parenting style results in better performance in children’s life adjustment while the ‘neglecting’ parenting style results showed the opposite. The results of this research provided suggestions for parents, teachers, counselors and researchers.