我國國軍政治教育變遷之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究我國國軍政治教育的實施情形，藉由瞭解國軍與政戰制度的變革，國軍政治教育的變遷，及社會變遷對國軍政治教育的影響，並分析美國、日本及中共軍隊政治教育的情形，進而探索國軍政治教育未來可能的發展方向，以作為規劃未來政治教育的參考。透過歷史研究、文獻分析、比較等方法，獲致結論如下： 一、國軍政治教育隨時空與政治需求轉變而有不同。政治教育在威權國家當中不僅可以做為意識形態的傳遞管道，在現今的民主國家中更可作維護政權穩定與政治安定的重要工具。 二、世界主要國家為確保軍隊能確為國家所用，亦多實施政治教育。目的皆是在培養軍人的民主憲政價值觀念，讓軍人確實效忠國家。 三、國軍政治教育受到政治、國防政策變遷及社會因素的影響，不斷配合調整。國軍的角色定位，已逐漸朝文人領軍、軍隊國家化及軍隊專業化的方向邁進。 四、國軍轉型的過程中政戰制度與政治教育扮演重要角色。戒嚴時期，政戰制度扮演文人（黨）領軍的工具性角色。解嚴後，政治教育成為「軍隊國家化」和「文人領軍」的宣揚者，以及軍隊與社會互動的協調者。 五、政治教育是主政者貫徹其政治意識的重要管道。政治教育變遷過程中，不易避免執政黨政治意識的影響。 六、政治教育具有穩定社會關係的功能，對內發揮了凝聚共識的功能，對外扮演的宣揚與化解意見的角色。 依據研究發現與結論，本研究對於未來研究主題與研究方法方面，分別提出若干建議事項，俾精進政治教育工作。

The purpose of the study was to inquire the political education in armed forces in Taiwan, its transition and the impact of social change on it. The major findings are as follows: i. The political education in armed forces has changed according to their needs in different times. ii. Although how different in their methods and contents, the armed forces of US, Japan, and Mainland China took some kinds of political education, due to their own history, system of democratic, and menace. The purpose of political education of those countries is to cultivate soldiers’ patriotism by indoctrinating ideas of constitution and democracy. iii. The factors influencing the political education of armed forces in Taiwan included politics, policies of national defense, and social factors. iv. The political education and political warfare system have played important role in the transition of armed forces. v. Political education was an important instrument manipulated by rulers to indoctrinate their ideologies. vi. One function of political education was to stabilize social relation. Based on the findings and conclusion, some suggestions were recommended.