幼兒的依附與利社會行為的關聯

Abstract

本研究旨在探討幼兒的依附與利社會行為的關聯；並分析不同背景變項，幼兒的依附、利社會行為是否有顯著差異。以立意取樣選取臺北市五所公立幼兒園四歲和五歲的340位幼兒為研究對象。採用問卷調查研究法，分別蒐集幼兒的依附類型以及幼兒利社會行為教師評定結果。本研究所使用的測量工具有二：分別為：「幼兒依附關係量表」與「幼兒利社會行為教師評定量表」。調查所得資料分別以SPSS22.0統計軟體之描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、多元迴歸等方法進行分析。本研究的主要發現如下：

1.受試幼兒的依附類型以「安全型依附」最多，次之為「矛盾型依附」，最後為「逃避混亂型依附」。 2.受試幼兒的利社會行為表現則以「分享行為」最多，「幫助行為次」之，接續為「合作行為」，最後則為「關心行為」。 3.幼兒的逃避混亂依附得分愈高，在分享行為、幫助行為、合作行為表現愈不佳，而幼兒的矛盾依附得分愈高，則在關心行為表現愈不佳。 4.受試幼兒的依附各向度得分，不具性別與家庭社經地位的差異。 5.受試幼兒的「整體利社會行為」不具性別與家庭社經地位的差異；但在性別變項下，女生比男生在「合作行為」上的表現更佳。

The purpose of this study was to explore the association between preschoolers’ attachment and prosocial behaviors. There were 340 four-year-old and five-year-old children from public preschools in Taipei city selected by purposive sampling participated in this study. By using “The Scale of Preschoolers’ Attachment Style” and “The Scale of Preschoolers’ Prosocial Behaviors by Teachers”, parents and teachers completed the questionaires respectively. The descriptive analysis, independent t-test, one way ANOVA, multiple regression showed the results as follows. The main findings of this study were as follow 1.Among the attachment styles of preschoolers, the secure attachment is the most, the anxious-ambivalent attachment is next, the avoid-disorder attachment is the least. 2.Among the prosocial behaviors of preschoolers, sharing is the most, helping is secondly, cooperating is next after the second , caring is the last. 3.The preschoolers of avoid-disorder attachment are worse in sharing, helping and cooperating, while those of anxious-ambivalent attachment are worse in caring. 4.There are no significant gender differences and SES differences in the preschoolers’ attachment style. 5.There are no significant gender differences and SES differences in the preschoolers’ whole prosocial behaviors. However, gender effect is shown in cooperation. Girls in cooperation are better than boys.