國民中學社會資本現況之研究

Abstract

摘 要 透過文獻探討、問卷調查、統計與分析，本研究旨在瞭解我國國民中學學校社會資本之現況與差異情形。 本研究自變項為「學校環境變項」與「教師人口變項」，學校環境變項包含五項，分別是學校所在地區、是否為偏遠學校、學校規模、學校型態、學校校齡；教師人口變項則包含性別、年齡、最高學歷、服務年資、擔任職務、於現職學校服務年資等。學校社會資本，包含內部社會資本與外部社會資本，各分成網絡、規範、信念、信任四個層面。內部社會資本主要探討學校教師之間的社會資本現況；而外部社會資本則探討學校教師與家長間之社會資本現況。 調查研究對象為臺北縣公私立國中教師，正式問卷共寄出928份，回收有效問卷598份，有效問卷回收率達66%。 經描述統計、t考驗、單因子變異數分析等統計考驗分析後，本研究得到幾項重要結論如下： 1. 國民中學學校社會資本現況「良好」。 2. 國民中學學校「內部」社會資本現況優於學校「外部」社會資本現況。 3. 社會資本各層面得分由高至低排列為內部規範、內部信任、內部信念、外部信任、外部規範、內部網絡、外部信念、外部網絡。 4. 不同的「學校所在地區」、「是否為偏遠學校」與不同的「教師性別」之學校社會資本無差異 5. 國民中學社會資本的「外部網絡」層面現況有待改善。 6. 「私立高中國中部」之學校社會資本現況比「縣立高中國中部」與「縣立國中」之學校社會資本現況好。 7. 服務年資達21年以上的國民中學教師所知覺之社會資本現況得分較佳。 根據研究所得之結論，分別對學校、教師以及後續研究提出建議，作為提高學校社會資本與未來研究方向之參考。 關鍵字：社會資本、社會網絡、信任

Abstract Through literature review, questionnaire survey, statistics, and analysis, the purpose of this study is to explore the status and difference of social capital in junior high schools in Taiwan. Social capital in schools includes ”internal” social capital and ”external” social capital. Both of them have four parts: network, norms, belief and trust. The ”internal” social capital aims at exploring the present situation of social capital between teachers in schools. The ”external” social capital aims at exploring the present situation of social capital between teachers and parents. The subjects of questionnaire survey are teachers in public and private junior high schools in Taipei County. Questionnaires of 928 copies were dispatched. The 598 returned questionnaires were valid. By means of descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, the important conclusions are as follows: 1. The status of social capital in junior high schools is “good.” 2. The status of ”internal” social capital in junior high schools is better than ”external” social capital in junior high schools. 3. The ranking of grades from the highest to the lowest is internal norms, internal trust, internal belief, external trust, external norms, internal network and external network. 4. According to the locations of schools, whether remote schools or not, and the teachers’ genders, there is no significant difference. 5. The status of ”external network” of social capital in junior high schools needs improving. 6. The status of social capital in private junior high schools is better than that in public junior high schools 7. The teachers who have been teaching in junior high schools for more than 21 years get better grades in the perception of social capital in schools. According to the conclusions, this study provides some suggestions for junior high schools, teachers and further future study. Keyword: social capital, social network, trust