以基於專利探勘與佈局之模糊能力集合擴展規劃定義磁浮離心式壓縮機研發策略

Abstract

近年來，全球暖化日益嚴重，節能減碳意識抬頭，廠商積極導入節能科技於傳統家電之中。傳統冷氣為家電產品中，耗能最為嚴重之電器產品，而壓縮機更為冷氣中消耗能源最嚴重之設備。如何導入新興科技，節約能源，為當前最重要的議題。磁浮離心式壓縮機為最新壓縮機技術，由於其磁浮軸承之技術能克服傳統軸承、齒輪傳動與系統冷凍油交換所造成之能源損失，節能效率較現有壓縮機技術提昇百分之二十至三十，而壓縮機體 亦能縮小為傳統壓縮機之四分之一以下，為當前冷凍空調科技最關鍵技術，布局相關專利以提昇競爭力，為後進冷凍空調廠商最重要之專利策略，但相關研究卻付之闕如。因此，研究擬進行專利分析與布局，並進而定義研發策略。為進行專利佈局，本研究首先分析技術範圍，檢索美國專利商標局(USTPO)，並以檢索結果定義功能—功效矩陣。本研究並將進一步以主成份分析，歸納適合後進廠商選擇佈局技術之準則，並進而以混合多準則決策分析法，導入決策實驗室分析法(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory，DEMATEL)之分析網路流程(DEMATEL based Analytic Network Process，DANP)整合修正式VIKOR法 (DANP-mV，DEMATEL-based ANP with modified VIKOR model)方法來評估佈局之技術。最後，以能力集合擴展為基礎之多目標決策(FMODM)分析法定義技術路徑圖。本研 究將以我國某冷氣廠商為例，實證本分析架構之有效性。本研究所發展之研究架構，將可作為全球廠商專利佈局與研發策略定義之用，定訂之研發策略，亦可作為冷氣產業後進廠商發展磁浮離心式壓縮機之依據。

In recent years, global warming has become an increasingly critical issue, which has led to an increase in awareness of energy conservation and carbon reduction. Thus, manufacturers are actively introducing energy-saving technologies into traditional home appliances. Traditional air conditioners consume the most energy among electrical home appliances, and compressors are the most energy-intensive equipment in air-conditioning. Introducing emerging technologies and saving energy is the most important issue at present. The magnetic floating centrifugal compressor is the latest technology in air-conditioning. Due to the magnetic floating technology, the compressor can overcome energy losses being caused by traditional bearing, gear transmission, and refrigeration system oil exchange. Its energy efficiency is 20%–30% higher than that of the existing compressors, while its body can be reduced to less than a quarter of the conventional compressor. As compressors are a critical part of the current refrigeration and air-conditioning technology, patent landscaping to enhance competitiveness is the most important strategy for the downstream refrigeration and air-conditioning manufacturers. However, related research is limited. Therefore, the present study intends to conduct patent analysis and landscaping, so that a research and development (R&D) strategy can be defined accordingly. In order to carry out patent landscaping, the study first analyzes the technical scope, searches the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USTPO), and defines the technology-function matrix by searching for the result. The study uses principal component analysis (PCA) to summarize the criteria that manufacturers could use in choosing their patent landscaping techniques. Multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods integrate the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)–based analytic network process (ANP) and the modified VIKOR (Vlse Kriterijumska Optimizacija Kompromisno Resenje) model to evaluate the techniques that could be developed by focal companies. Finally, a competence set expansion based on the fuzzy multiple attribute decision-making method will be used to define the technology roadmap. An empirical study of a newer Taiwanese air-conditioning manufacturer will be used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed analytic framework. Based on the analytic results, the roadmap of each technology can easy-catch the strategy. The well-verified analytic framework can serve as a basis for R&D strategy definitions by fast-catching manufacturers of air conditioners for patent landscaping and R&D strategy definitions.