台灣地區女子體操選手知覺教練領導行為與選手績效表現關係之實證研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解台灣地區競技體操女子選手知覺教練領導行為與選手績效表現的現況。其次，比較不同背景變項競技體操女子選手知覺的教練領導行為之差異情形。最後，在分析教練領導行為與競技體操女子選手績效表現各變項間之相關性。因此，乃採普查的方式，針對全台灣地區所有的競技體操女子選手進行調查，研究對象共計94名。研究工具除以自編之『選手知覺的體操教練領導行為與選手績效表現調查問卷』進行問卷調查外，並配合選手實際參賽成績等資料來進行分析。經單因子多變項變異數分析（One-way MANOVA）、簡單相關分析（Simple Correlation Analysis）及典型相關分析（Canonical Correlation Analysis）等統計方法處理，結果發現： （一）台灣地區競技體操女子選手知覺到教練較多的『關懷行為』，其次依序為『訓練與指導行為』、『民主行為』、『專制行為』，而以『獎勵行為』為最低。其次，在績效部分，若以目前的成績水準與國外選手相較，則台灣地區多數選手的『起評分』相當於東亞運選手的『最後得分』。此外，在滿意度部份，選手對『教練訓練與領導行為』的滿意度達中上程度。 （二）選手背景變項的差異將影響選手對於教練領導行為的知覺，且在『組別』、『年齡』、『體操學齡』、『與教練相處年數』、『每週不同訓練時數』及『最高成就』等六種不同背景變項中，亦皆有顯著差異存在。 （三）選手知覺的教練領導行為與績效表現之間，有顯著的相關性存在，其解釋力為27.1﹪。尤其是當選手知覺到教練較多『訓練與指導』與『關懷』的領導行為時，選手的滿意度亦相對提高。

The purposes of this study were: First, to clarify the reality of women’s artistic gymnastic athletes’ perceptive coaches’ leadership behaviors and performance. Second, to compare the difference of perceptive coaches’ leadership behaviors from athletes with different background. At last, to analyze the relationship of all variables between perceptive coach’s leadership behaviors and performance. The census aimed at all women artistic gymnastic athletes in Taiwan, and the total number of subject is 94. 「The Questionnaire of the Athletes’ Perceptive Coaches’ Leadership Behaviors and Performance」 was used as the instrument, and the analysis go with the athletes’ realistic score in competes. One-way MANOVA, Simple Correlation and Canonical Correlation were computed for data analysis. The following results show that: (1) Women’s artistic gymnastic athletes in Taiwan were aware more coach’s 「social behavior」, then 「training and instructional behavior」,「democratic behavior」,「autocratic behavior」, and the lowest「positive behavior」. Moreover, about the performance, compare to the foreign athletes, the start value of Taiwan athletes equaled to the final score of foreign athletes. Furthermore, in satisfaction, the degree of athletes to their coach reached the mid-high level. (2) The difference of athletes’ background variables would effect the perception of athletes to their coach, and there existed significant difference in 「Group」, 「Age」, 「Seniority of learning gymnastic」, 「Year to be with coach」, 「Training time per week」, 「Best achievement」. (3) There existed significant correlation between athletes’ perceptive coaches’ leadership behaviors and personal performance. The respective explaining capability was 27.1%.