漢語程度副詞「很」的多模態探析—以語料庫為本之研究

Abstract

現代漢語程度副詞「很」在真實語言環境中,使用的模式已經遠超其原本傳統的規範範圍。為了瞭解其中落差,本研究沿襲前人的成果,以結構、語義、語法與語用等不同層面,並以中央研究院平衡語料庫 4.0 為語料基礎,探析「很」功能及其搭配詞的語義特徵和語法特色,最後進一步分析「很」與其搭配詞互動後所產生的語用效果。本研究聚焦於程度副詞「很」及其後置詞的搭配關係。搭配詞先以不同詞類劃分後,再分為符合規範及非規範的詞類,另外,依照搭配詞的結構分析其與「很」的互動結果,旨在歸納並探討程度副詞「很」的新興搭配及其詞類。根據研究結果,由語義層面來看,「很」所修飾的搭配詞普遍具有 [+模糊性]與[+主觀性]的語義特徵,這與「很」作為程度副詞所具備的核心功能「增加程度義」相呼應;在語法層面上,「很」搭配不同結構類型的詞彙亦展現出相應的搭配功能:雙音節詞仍為最主要的搭配對象,展現出實質上的量幅增強效果;單音節詞則多用作補足句式的語法標記;多音節詞則多體現於語用層面的語氣增強作用。從其搭配形式的多樣性可見,「很」的功能早已超越傳統的程度副詞角色, 在語用上展現出更靈活多元的運用樣貌,並隨語境與交際需求展現出擴張的趨勢。綜合而言,「很」不僅體現出在語義與語法上的高度適應性,更彰顯其在現代語言使用中作為語用標記的重要性,充分反映語言使用者動態調整語言形式以符合溝通需求的實際現象。In contemporary Mandarin Chinese, the degree adverb “hěn” is frequently used in ways that go far beyond its traditional grammatical scope. To better understand this divergence, the present study builds upon previous research and adopts a multi-dimensional analytical framework, based on data from the Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus of Modern Chinese 4.0. This study investigates the core functions of “hěn”, the semantic features and syntactic behavior of its collocates, and ultimately the pragmatic effects resulting from its interaction with various word types.Focusing on the collocational patterns between “hěn” and its post-modifiedelements, the research categorizes the collocates by part of speech and furtherdistinguishes between normative and non-normative usages. The collocates are then analyzed based on their structural patterns to examine the interactional outcomes of these combinations, with the aim of summarizing emerging trends in “hěn“ across different word classes.The results show that, at the semantic level, the collocates of “hěn” exhibit [+semantic vagueness] and [+subjectivity], aligning with its fundamental function of degree intensification. Syntactically, “hěn” demonstrates distinct roles when paired with words of varying structures: disyllabic words remain the most prototypical collocates, showing clear scalar enhancement; monosyllabic words are often used to fulfill sentence completion functions; and polysyllabic expressions tend to highlight pragmatic effects. The diversity of these patterns suggests that the function of “hěn” has expanded and now serves increasingly as a pragmatic marker that adapts flexibly to discourse contexts and communicative demands.