大學生適應問題及其相關因素之研究

Abstract

本研究之目的在於探討我國大學教育階段中學生之適應問題的現況，並分析適應問題與其相關因素之間的關係。此一研究自民國七十四年一月一日開始，至民七十四年十二月三十一日止。共歷時一年始告完成。其內容包括下列三項：（一）今日我國大學院校學生的適應問題現況。（二）影響我國大學生適應問題的各種因素及其相互關係。（三）協助大學生良好適應的輔導方案之研究。從本研究的結果，對我國大學生的「健康與身體發展」、「經濟生活狀況」、「社交與休閒活動」、「與別人的關係」、「對自己的態度」、「戀愛、性與婚姻」、「家庭與家屬」、「道德與宗教」、「大學課程之適應」、「前途展望：就業與升學」、「課程與教學方法」等十一大類問題與影響大學生適應問題的個人因素、家庭因素和學校因素，以及這些因素與適應困擾之間的關係，可獲致實徵性的瞭解，作為大學教育的課程設計、教學輔導和生活及心理輔導之主要依據。

The purpose of this study were to identify the self─perceived and self─reported problems of Chinese college students, and to analyze related factors including ego─identify, self─concept, locus of control, value system, academic achievement, family socio─economic status, parents’ expectation, etc. The subjects were 2180 college students drawn by stratified cluster random sampling from the universities in Taiwan, Republic of China. The Chinese Revision of Money Problem Check List（College Form）, Tennessee Self Concept Scale, Study of Value, Rotter’s Internal─External Control Scale, and four kinds of questionnaires were administered to the subjects in regular class settings. The obtained data were statistically treated by analysis of variance, Scheffé method of multiple comparisons, multiple linear regression technique, Spearman’s rank correlation, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The main findings of the study were as follows：1. The major problem areas of Chinese college students were “Adjustment of College Work,”“Social and Recreational Activities, ”“Curriculum and Teaching Procedure,”“Social ─Psychological Relations, ”“Personal─Psychological Relations,” and “The Future：Vocational and Educational.”2. Chinese college students’ sex, class, ego─identity, self─concept, locus of control, value system, academic achievement, and family socio─economic status were significantly correlated with the number of problems reported on the MPCL. 3. Nineteen predictor variables together significantly accounted for 10.28% of variance in the total problems of concern, and 19.32% of variance in the total problems of most concern. Among them ego─identity, self─concept, and locus of control made a significant contribution to the prediction of the total problems of concern and of most concern.