基於可重組平台之公共運輸組員資源管理系統

Abstract

「組員資源管理」(Crew Resource Management, CRM)為源自民航體系為減少人為因素所導致危險的應用管理概念，至今已被視為改善飛航安全，以及促進整體運作效率的一大利器，並推廣至醫療、消防救災、核能發電廠等多種高風險行業。雖民航公司已普遍採用組員資源管理概念，但在陸上及海上公共運輸系統尚無完整的「組員資源管理系統」，如能將民航公司所採用的組員資源管理概念導入至陸上及海上公共運輸系統，不失為可降低行銷時間及研發成本的最為可行方法之一。然而，此種將運用於飛機系統的組員資源管理概念移植至陸上及海上公共運輸系統的作法，仍有待進一步探討。本文即嘗試以德菲法(Delphi Method)以及基於決策實驗室分析法(Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory, DEMATEL)之網路流程(DEMATEL based Network Process, DNP)，邀集來自陸軍航空、民航、高速鐵路及空中搜救等單位之資深從業人員擔任專家，從管理階層上對下支援、組員團隊建立、狀況覺知與緊急事件管控等層面著手，確立管理階層決策指導、營運指揮與管制、組員互動、備援機制、環境效應、資訊分享、風險管理與危機應對等八項準則，針對空用、陸用及海用等三種公共運輸系統載台不同之特性與需求進行評估，並運用VIKOR方法決定妥協之解決方案。最後，以平台為基礎之設計方法，建立一個基於不同系統需求，可重組平台之組員資源管理模組。 經過本研究結果顯示，高速鐵路運輸系統可以組員備援系統、資訊分享、風險管理、行控中心管控作為、危機處理及團隊人際關係互動為基本組員資源管理面向；海運運輸系統可以組員備援系統、資訊分享、團隊人際關係互動、危機處理及周邊環境影響為基本組員資源管理面向；而低空操作航空器運輸系統可以資訊分享、組員備援系統、團隊人際關係互動及危機處理為基本組員資源管理面向。The Crew Resource Management (CRM) system is an applied logical management system initially developed by civil aviation. The aim of the CRM system development is to minimize the risks being caused by human factors. The CRM concept has been widely deployed in many transportation systems being operated in the environment with risks and uncertainties. Although the CRM systems have been widely adopted in airlines, such systems are still rare in the land and sea based transportation systems. Meanwhile, porting the CRM system for the civic aviation vehicles to the land and sea based systems is one of the most feasible ways to minimize both the time to market and the R&D cost. However, how the CRM systems being used in the airplanes can be ported to the land and sea transportation systems is still to be explored. Therefore, this research aims to adopt the Delphi method with DEMATEL based Network Process (DNP) Technique to summarize opinions being provided by experts in the related fields of army aviation, commercial aviation, high-speed rail, and air rescue from the dimensions of top-down support, teamwork building, situational awareness, and emergency control perspectives. From the survey results, the evaluation criterion will consist of four dimensions and eight elements, including leadership guidance, operation command& control, crew interaction, backup support, environment effects, information sharing, risk management, and crisis response for consideration. Then the VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is used to determine the alternatives ranking for a compromise solution. Finally, the platform based design method is used to serve as the basis for establishing a configurable platform based CRM system for all public transportations, based on different requirements of various transportation systems. From the results of this research, it is found that the final key factors will be selected for the constructing of basic CRM model of high-speed rail transportation system including crew backup support, information sharing, risk management, operation command& control, crisis response, and crew interaction; for sea transportation CRM, there are crew backup support, information sharing, crew interaction, crisis response, and environment effects by sequence; finally, for low elevation operated air carrier (LEOAC) CRM, there are information sharing, crew backup support, crew interaction, and crisis response.