直接民權與代議政體整合之研究:以各國公民投票制度分析為基礎
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2005
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Abstract
民主制度可分為直接民主制與間接民主制兩種類型,究竟什麼樣的民主制度是最理想的模式,歷史上一直爭論不休。
大家都知道,世界上並沒有存在任何一種制度是完美的,也沒有一種放諸四海皆準的制度,任何一種制度都有其優點與侷限性。因此直接民主與間接民主都有其優點與缺點,但直接民權與代議民主體制彼此是否對立、排斥、矛盾或是被取代,是否可以並行不悖、相輔相成、整合以達到互補之功能?
在理論上,筆者歸納與分析中外直接民主與代議民主理論,並歸納與分析直接民主與代議民主體制各自的的優缺點,以及各種可能的整合途徑條件、理由,以及整合的模式,企圖探索直接民權與代議民主體制整合之共同模式與原則,俾使發揮最大的功能,減低負面效應,達到兼顧「民主」與「效能」之民主政治的理想。,
然而,理論必須檢證,理論上的假設與實際上並未總是相契合,即惟有公民投票制度在特定政治體系中的運作方能理解。在公民投票制度整體綜合分析比較方面,首先,比較分析先進民主國家與非先進民主國家;其次,歸納並提出世界各國共同發展趨勢與特色。在個案分析比較上,以具有象徵代表性的五個國家(瑞士、美國、法國、英國、義大利)之公民投票制度作為研究對象,進行新制度主義途徑研究,分析公民投票制度在代議政體的功能與對政治體系的影響,以及兩者之間互動與整合關係。
最後,探討與分析我國目前實施公民投票機制的缺失與改進方向,並參考各國實施公投的經驗,以為我國實施公民投票經驗的借鏡與參考,使我國的公民投票制度能臻於更完美境地。並希冀本文所獲得之觀點,能對當今政府決策者、學者與專家在研究民主制度上有所裨益。
Direct-rights system and indirect-democracy system are the two modes mostly discussed in democracy. This study aims to search into a way in which we may increase the direct participation of citizens in what is now a representative system. From the historical perspectives, there are no optimal democratic systems, for disputes among them can be found anytime in any phrases. However, it is found that by studying the advantages and disadvantages of the two exclusive modes, we are likely to strike a balance between them by employing some of the direct-rights mechanisms in the current indirect-democracy ones. This way, we may also make the most of the two systems as well as decrease the negative effects of both sides. With the findings of the present study, it is hoped that the ideal goals of democracy may also be achieved, that is, “Direct-rights” and “Efficiency.”
Direct-rights system and indirect-democracy system are the two modes mostly discussed in democracy. This study aims to search into a way in which we may increase the direct participation of citizens in what is now a representative system. From the historical perspectives, there are no optimal democratic systems, for disputes among them can be found anytime in any phrases. However, it is found that by studying the advantages and disadvantages of the two exclusive modes, we are likely to strike a balance between them by employing some of the direct-rights mechanisms in the current indirect-democracy ones. This way, we may also make the most of the two systems as well as decrease the negative effects of both sides. With the findings of the present study, it is hoped that the ideal goals of democracy may also be achieved, that is, “Direct-rights” and “Efficiency.”
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Keywords
直接民主, 公民投票, 代議民主制, 間接民主, direct-democracy, referendum, indirect-democracy system, direct-rights