國民小學學校自我評鑑的探究

Abstract

本研究主要目的是在探究學校自我評鑑的實施、調查學校自我評鑑的利用與了解學校自我評鑑的評價。最後，根據結論提出建議，以供未來推動學校自評鑑之參考。 為達上述目的，本研究採用混合方法之連續的探究性設計為研究方法。先進行質性資料的蒐集與分析，接著根據質性階段的結果，編製研究工具（問卷）進行調查研究。訪談部分，總共訪談25人，以了解校長、主任、組長與教師對學校自我評鑑的看法與意見。問卷部分，共寄發問卷503份，實得有效問卷359份。最後，根據訪談結果與問卷調查結果，形成本研究的結論，並據以提出建議，以達研究目的。 根據訪談與問卷調查結果，歸納出下列數項結論： 一、學校實施自我評鑑的目的，除了滿足自我改善的需求之外，也是為了 因應上級評鑑的要求所做的準備工作。 二、學校實施自我評鑑的重點落在指標的了解、工作的分配、佐證資料的 蒐集與優缺點的檢核，至於「改善」功能的發揮，仍不理想。 三、學校自我評鑑實施人員主要是學校行政人員，學生、教師、家長與其 他外部人員少有參與。唯教師、家長與學生參與學校自我評鑑的重要 性，受到學校人員的認可。 四、激勵學校人員投入自我評鑑的原則計有：「清楚告知自我評鑑的作 法」、「簡化工作」、「校 長、主任以身作則」、「校長、主任與教 師建立良好情誼」、「資深同事經驗傳承」、「提前通知自我評鑑日 期」與「有賞無罰」。其中以「清楚告知自我評鑑的作法」、「簡化 工作」和「校長主任以身作則」最受肯定。 五、學校實施自我評鑑遭遇的困境有七項：文書工作繁重、評鑑次數太 多、學校成員投入意願低落、學校成員不清楚自我評鑑的目的、評鑑 指標不符合學校需求、教師不信任教育行政單局與教師無法參與決 策。其中以文書工作繁重及評鑑次數太多最為嚴重。 六、學校人員認為學校實施自我評鑑是「形式」大於「實質」。自主性自 我評鑑是學校人員最支持的評鑑類型，並期待與上級外部評鑑維持合 作的關係。 七、學校自我評鑑的過程利用情況並不理想，僅在個人層面稍具成效，組 織層面則是成效有限。 八、學校自我評鑑的結果利用優於過程利用，然而利用程度仍不理想。 九、阻礙學校自我評鑑利用的因素中，以「教育局（處）的虛應心態」、 「缺乏經費」與「同事相互推託工作」等三項因素最為嚴重。 十、學校自我評鑑具有許多功能，目前經常達成的功能有：反省學校業務 的辦理、改善教師的教學、改善學校的硬體設施、增進教師的專業成 長、引導學校資源的分配與改善學校本位課程，其餘優點只是「偶而 做到」。 十一、學校自我評鑑執行過程中會衍生一些缺失，包括：增加行政工作的 負擔、干擾教師的正常教學、破壞學校的和諧、損害教師的專業判 斷、成為政府控制學校的手段。其中增加行政工作的負擔、干擾教師 的正常教學與成為政府控制學校的手段對學校產生嚴重影響。 十二、學校自我評鑑在維持學校教育品質的必要性遭受質疑，唯今之計是 發揮自我評鑑「改善」的功能，進而逐漸建立教師對其的信任感。

關鍵字：學校自我評鑑、混合方法研究、評鑑利用、紮根理論

The main purpose of this study is to explore the implementation of school self-evaluation, to investigate the use of school self-evaluation, and to understand the assessment of school self-evaluation. Based on the conclusions, suggestions are made for the future reference to promote school self-evaluation. In order to answer the above-mentioned purposes, this research adopts the continuous inquiry design with mixed methods. First, collected and analyzed qualitative data, based on the results of the qualitative phase collected, the tool of the research, a questionnaire is made. In the qualitative phase, interviews of a total of 25 principals, directors, team leaders and teachers were made to get a holistic view on the school self-evaluation of key persons. Out of 503 questionnaires, 359 valid questionnaires were collected. Finally, conclusions were drawn based on the interview and the survey results. Suggestions are made accordingly as follows: 1. Apart from satisfying the needs of self-improvement, the purpose of implementing self-evaluation in schools is to fulfill the request of supervisors. 2. The focus of self-evaluation by schools superficially fell on the understanding of indicators, the distribution of work, the collection of supporting information and the examination of strengths and weaknesses, lack of substantial improvement. 3. The personnel engaged in school self-evaluation implementation were mainly school administrators. Students, teachers, parents and other outsiders rarely participated. However, the participation of parents and students in school self-evaluation were recognized by school personnel. 4. Among 7 principles in motivating school personnel in self-evaluation, "clearly informing self-evaluation practices", "simplifying work" and "principal and director lead by example" are the most recognized. 5. Among 7 hindrance factors of school self-evaluation, the hectic paperwork and redundant too many assessments are the most serious. 6. School personnel thought the implementation of school self-evaluation of is rather superficial than substantial. Autonomous self-evaluation is a type of self-evaluation most supported by school personnel and expect to maintain cooperation with higher external reviewers. 7. The result of process use of school self-evaluation limited to individual level than organizational level, which was not ideal. 8. Though the result of result use of school self-evaluation showed a more frequent use than process use of school self-evaluation, which still failed to be ideal. 9. Three most serious factors, including "the perfunctory attitude of Educational authority", "lack of funds" and "mutual dodge work", hindered use of school self-evaluation. 10. School self-evaluation of served in many aspects. Most achieved functions were reflection on school operation, teacher teaching improvement, school hardware facility improvement, teacher professional development, school resource distribution guidance, and school-based curriculum refinement. Other than above were occasionally functioned. 11. Notorious drawbacks simultaneously generated in the process of school self-evaluation implementation were burdened administrative work, interfered teaching practice, and instrumentalized by government controls. 12. The necessity of maintaining the quality of school education through school self-evaluation was questioned. To re-establish trust among teachers, the researcher suggests that to appropriately perform the function of improvement in school self-evaluation would be a solution.

keyword：school self-evaluation、mixed methods research、evaluation use、grounded theory