以Q方法探討學校營養師對國小過重或肥胖學生之減重信念

Abstract

學校營養師是推動學校健康促進健康體位議題的重要成員之一，協助學生做好體重與飲食管理，培養正確營養知能，改善學生不良體位，以維持健康體位之目標。本研究旨在探討學校營養師對過重或肥胖學生減重的相關重要信念及可執行的有效策略與方法。研究採用Q方法，以48位桃竹苗地區國民中小學(教育局處)營養師為對象，將38句Q-敘述句進行Q排列，並以PQ Method 2.35進行分析。本研究結果依學校營養師對國小過重或肥胖學生之減重信念將營養師歸類為四種類型，第一型家人支持學生型，第二型學生缺乏自信型，第三型促進體型意識型，第四型家人影響學生型。根據學校營養師4個類型，顯示學生減重需要良好生活飲食習慣與規律運動習慣的建立、學生要有體型意識的自我覺察、培養自信心與正向態度及家人的支持配合與鼓勵等多元策略，期能有好的減重成效。

School dietitian plays an important role in health-promoting program at school particularly in the issues of healthy body weight. To reach the goal of maintaining optimistic healthy body weight, the school dietitian can assist students to do weight and diet management, confer correct nutrition knowledge and ability to overcome the problem of overweight or obesity. This study was aimed on evaluating the feasibility and efficacy using Q method to investigate the beliefs and strategies that school dietitian have provided for the overweight or obese students in order to lose weight. A total of 48 Tao Chu Mao region school (or the Bureau of Education) dietitians participated in this research and conducted the Q sorting survey. We used the PQ Method 2.35 to analyze 38 Q statements. Based on the belief of weight loss, the school dietitians were categorized into 4 types: Type I is “Family Support”. Type II is “Deficient Self-confidence”. Type III is “Promote Body Image” and Type IV is “Family Influence”. Our results indicate the achievement of adequate efficacy on weight loss in overweight and obese students required diversified strategies, that including 1) conferring adequate eating behaviors and regular exercise habit, 2) self-awareness of body image, 3) developing self-confidence and a positive attitude and 4) family support and encouragement.