現代漢語浮游量詞結構及相關句型句法分析

Abstract

本論文的目的是分析現代漢語一組在文獻上未受到太多關注的量詞。根據這組量詞的分佈和特性，這組量詞可以被分爲兩類：名詞組量詞(ADQ)和副詞量詞(AVQ)。就目前所知，文獻上有三篇作品曾探討過這組量詞的部分：Shin (2008), Paul and Whitman (2010) and Kuo (2016)。由於這組量詞和浮游量詞(FQ)的表現十分相似，所以本論文將回顧擱淺分析(Stranding Analysis)和副詞分析(Adverbial Analysis)的文獻並且指出對於現代漢語中這組量詞，副詞分析會是比較恰當的分析方式。根據一些觀察，本論文我提到名詞組量詞和副詞量詞具有不同的基底結構。名詞組量詞是嫁接在名詞上的量詞，結構上就像是同位語(Aoun et al. 2001)或是名詞組反身强調詞(Siemund 2003)，而副詞量詞本身就是一個副詞，所以出現在副詞可以出現的位置。至於副詞量詞和其相關名詞之間的回指關係，本論文認爲Doetjes (1997)所提出副詞帶有空範疇(empty category)的分析並不能夠解釋中文浮游量詞的語言事實，本論文主張將現代漢語浮游量詞視爲不帶有空範疇的副詞量詞(Kayne 1981,Jaeggli 1982)。The aim of this thesis is to analyze a set of quantifiers in Mandanin Chinese, which has not received much attention in the literature. I claim that this set of quantifier can be divided into two types: the ADQ (the adnominal quantifier) and the AVQ (the adverbial quantifier), based on their distributions and properties. To the best of my knowledge, in the literature, three studies have explored some facts of the ADQ and the AVQ: Shin (2008), Paul and Whitman (2010) and Kuo (2016). This set of quantifiers has similar behaviors to Floating Quantifier so in this thesis I review the studies on Stranding Analysis and Adverbial Analysis and point out that Adverbial Analysis is the preferred approach to this set of quantifiers in Mandarin Chinese. I suggest that the ADQ and the AVQ have different underlying forms due to some observations. The ADQ is an adnominal quantifier, which adjoins to the host nominal phrase like an appositive (Aoun et al. 2001) or an adnominal self-intensifier (Siemund 2003), structurally. The AVQ is an adverb, which can surface in the positions where an adverb can occur. In terms of the anaphoric relationship between the AVQ and its assoicated nominal phrase, I suggest that Adverbial Analysis, in which the FQ goes with an empty category (Doetjes 1997), cannot hold for the facts of the AVQ in Chinese and that the AVQ can simply be analyzed as an adverb without an empty category (Kayne 1981, Jaeggli 1982).