華文 BL 小說中陰柔男性角色性別氣質的呈現

Abstract

本研究從社會語言學角度出發，探討華語BL（Boys’ Love）小說中男性角色的性別氣質呈現，聚焦具有陽剛外在和陰柔性別氣質的男性角色的語言表現。本研究選用兩部台灣與中國女性作者創作的BL小說：《翹小指的男人》（黃思蜜，2020）與《項真的群星閃耀時》（芥末君，2018），分析作者如何使用語言，在言談和敘事中呈現男性角色陰柔性別氣質，而其氣質如何被擁有主流性別意識形態的角色自身與其他角色們評價。本研究以Zhou等人（2018）針對中國BL小說中男性角色之性別特質所提出的性別氣質特徵，界定男性角色的陽剛外在形象，並輔以過往關於女性語言特徵、不同性別之間的語言差異之研究，判斷男性角色語言中的陰柔性別氣質，小說作者藉由女性化代詞、語助詞、標點符號、顏文字，及撒嬌表現等女性語言特徵建構男性角色的陰柔形象；而陽剛形象則以外貌描述為主，建立鮮明對比。語言特徵塑造了角色的性別展演，也反映出當男性角色語言表現偏離主流性別意識形態時，常引發負面評價。藉由語言特徵建構男性角色陰柔氣質，和後設語用評論與語言評價的分析，可從中觀察到角色們的性別意識形態——認為男性理應展現陽剛性別氣質，展現出陰柔性別氣質則會被視為「不陽剛」，而獲得負面評價。本研究以社會語言學觀點分析BL小說中的性別氣質呈現，提供不同於文學批評的角度，了解性別氣質是如何被建構與展演。

This thesis adopts a sociolinguistic approach to examine the representation of gender expressions in Mandarin Chinese Boys’ Love (BL) novels. Focusing on male characters with masculine appearances and effeminate language expressions, this study analyzes two novels by two authors: “The Man” (Huang, 2020) and “Decisive Moments in HiStory” (Jiemojun, 2018). The study examines how language is employed to construct effeminate gender expressions in characters' dialogues and narrations, and how these expressions are evaluated by characters who reflect normative gender ideologies. Drawing methodologically on Zhou et al.’s (2018) categorization of gender expressions and theoretically on previous studies on women’s language and gendered speech, the analysis identifies feminized pronouns, particles, punctuation, emoticons, and ‘sajiao’ performance as key markers of effeminacy. In contrast, masculinity is portrayed through physical descriptions, creatinga sharp contrast.The study shows that male characters with effeminate gender expressions often receive negative evaluations, revealing gender ideologies that equate masculinity with social legitimacy. This study presents a sociolinguistic perspective on gender performance in BL novels, examining how gender is conveyed through language.