應用計畫行為理論探討臺北市國中生視力保健行為意向

Abstract

本研究旨在運用Ajzen的計畫行為論（Theory of Planned Behavior）來探討臺北市國中學生視力保健行為意向及其相關因素。以台北市九十五學年度第二學期七至九年級學生為母群體，以系統抽樣法抽出18個班，每年級各6班學生為研究對象。研究工具採結構式問卷，先依開放式引導問卷篩選出顯著信念，再編製成正式問卷。有效問卷共550份。主要研究結果如下： 一、研究對象對從事體重控制的態度與行為信念、結果評價的交乘積和呈正相關；主觀規範與規範信念、依從動機的交乘積和呈正相關；知覺行為控制與控制信念呈正相關。 二、約四成的研究對象在未來兩個月內有進行視力保健之意向；研究對象對進行視力保健的態度、主觀規範可以有效地解釋行為意向21.6%，加上知覺行為控制後，此三變項的總變異量達27.4%，顯著增加了5.8％，其中態度對視力保健意向的影響性最大。 整體而言，本研究結果支持計畫行為理論的假設，並發現計畫行為理論應用在視力保健意向上，優於理性行動論。擬定視力保健計畫、介入策略時，可將各行為信念的影響納入參考，更可有效促進進行視力保健之意向，切合視力保健的需求。The main purpose of this study was to investigate the junior school students’ beliefs and related factors regarding intention of vision health care by using the Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）. By using systematic sampling method, the respondents were selected from 7-9 graders of all junior high schools in Taipei City in the school year of 2007. By utilizing stratified cluster sampling method, the respondents were selected from 18 classes in Taipei City. The structured questionnaire was used to collect the data for the study. Totally, 550 effective questionnaires were analyzed. The main findings of the study are as follows. 1.The attitudes of respondents towards vision health care were positively related to the product of behavioral beliefs multiplied by evaluations of outcomes （ΣBi＊Ei）. Also, the subjective norm of respondents’ vision health care were positively related to the product of normative beliefs multiplied by motivations to comply（ΣNBj＊MCj）. The perceived behavior control of respondents’ vision health care was positively related to the control beliefs. 2. Around 42.2% of the respondents showed the positive behavioral intention for vision health care in the next two months. The attitude and subjective norm explained 21.6% of variance of the intention of vision health care; the perceived behavior control added 5.8% explanation power. Thus, the explanation power of these three variables accounted for 27.4%. Among them, attitudes affected the vision health care intention most. Generally, the results of this study supported the hypothesis of TPB and revealed that TPB was a little better than the Theory of Reasoned Action on predicting the behavioral intention of vision health care. In the future, the influences of behavioral beliefs regarding the intention of vision health care obtained from the study can be included in the vision health care programs for the sake of upgrading the subjects’ intention of vision health care.