中老年書法參與者正念特質、心流體驗與正向心理健康之相關研究

Abstract

本研究目的為探討中老年書法參與者正念特質、心流體驗與正向心理健康之現況與之間的關係，以及在不同背景特性變項的差異情形。本研究先編製藝術心流體驗量表，以藝術參與者289人為預試樣本。正式樣本共計423名（男149人，女274人），平均年齡為63.57歲。正式施測工具有「藝術心流體驗量表」、「止觀覺察注意量表」及「正向心理健康量表」。再以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗 、單因子變異數分析、Welch統計分析、皮爾森積差相關分析以及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料處理。 結果顯示：編製之藝術心流體驗量表，經探索性因素分析及驗證性因素分析，具尚佳信度與效度，未來可適用於藝術領域的心流體驗測量。中老年書法參與者具有良好的正念特質；良好的心流體驗狀況，以「忘我的自成經驗」的表現最佳；良好的正向心理健康狀況，以「家庭和諧」的表現最佳。中老年書法參與者不會因性別、年齡而在正念特質、心流體驗及正向心理健康有顯著差異。但中老年書法參與者會因書齡及專業程度的不同，在正念特質、心流體驗及正向心理健康有顯著差異。書齡長者優於書齡短者；專業者優於非專業者。又中老年書法參與者的投入時間（每週及每次練習時間）及是否參加書法社團，僅對心流體驗有顯著差異。對書法投入時間練習與參加書法社團，都與心流體驗的增加有關。另外，中老年書法參與者正念特質、心流體驗與正向心理健康三者，兩兩之間具有顯著正相關。在控制背景變項後，正念特質與心流體驗能有效預測正向心理健康44%解釋力。心流體驗中明確的目標與回饋、控制裕如及忘我的自成經驗，能顯著預測正向心理健康。 最後依據結論，本研究提出相關建議，俾供書法參與者、教育單位在書法教育實務及未來研究之參考。

The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationships among dispositional mindfulness, flow experience, and positive mental health for middle-aged and elderly participants in different background variables and the correlation among them. Firstly, an Art Flow Experience Scale was compiled, with 289 art participants as the pretest samples. There were 423 formal samples (149 men and 274 women) with the mean age of 63.57. The research instruments of this study included Art Flow Experience Scale, Chinese Translation of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, and Positive Mental Health Scale. The data was statistically analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Welch, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.The conclusions are as follows: The Art Flow Experience Scale compiled has good reliability and validity through exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and can be applied to the measurement of flow experience in the field of art in the future. The middle-aged and elderly Chinese calligraphy participants have good dispositional mindfulness, good flow experience with the best performance in “loss of self-consciousness and autotelic experience,” and good positive mental health with the best performance in “family harmony.” There is no significant difference in dispositional mindfulness, flow experience, and positive mental health due to different gender and age for the participants. Better dispositional mindfulness, flow experience, and positive mental health can be obtained for middle-aged and elderly Chinese calligraphy participants having more practicing years or higher professional levels in Chinese calligraphy writing. The time investment (per week and each practicing time) of middle-aged and elderly Chinese calligraphy participants and whether they participated in the Chinese calligraphy clubs had significant differences only on the flow experience. Putting time into Chinese calligraphy practice and participating in Chinese calligraphy club are all related to the increase in flow experience. There is a significant positive correlation among dispositional mindfulness, flow experience, and positive mental health for the participants. After controlling the background variables, dispositional mindfulness and flow experience of middle-aged and elderly Chinese calligraphy participants can effectively predict positive mental health, explaining 44% of its variance. Results confirmed that several aspects of flow are positively related to measures of positive mental health. Clear goals and unambiguous feedback, paradox of control, loss of self-consciousness and autotelic experience are important predictors of positive affect.Finally, according to the conclusions obtained in this study, some suggestions are provided as references for Chinese calligraphy participants and educational institutions to promote Chinese calligraphy education and future follow-up study.