旅台日本人的文化溝通和中文學習歷程－以旅居者觀點為核心之研究

Abstract

本研究以旅居者觀點討論在台旅居日籍人士的生活經驗和中文學習歷程，從社會語言學和文化人類學的觀點探討日本人和外國人交際時會產生的語言問題以及日籍旅台人士在台灣所受到的文化衝撞和適應。並抽出日籍人士在台的中文學習歷程，加以分析和討論以下問題。「為什麼來台灣學中文？」「來台灣除了學中文還有沒有其他目的？」「學校教的中文有用嗎？」等，從旅居者同時也是中文學習者的觀點來看台灣作為一個國際中文學習場域的優點和缺點。本研究以質性研究中的「訪談法」和「半結構式問卷」針對七名在2009至2014來台的日籍人士蒐集資料，並以綜合歸納的方式分析訪談所得，從中獲得以下結論。

日本人的「以心傳心」文化模式，已內化到其所使用的語言習慣當中，當脫離了日語這層保護膜時，日本人會感到手足無措，特別是在剛剛來到旅居地和開始學習一項外語時 。由於日本社會對日語的意識形態強烈，對使用外語產生排斥，並且由於內化入日語當中的語言「身分制」規則嚴謹，連帶推及到對日語母語者的語言使用要求嚴格，但對不諳日語的外語母語者卻顯得寬容。而從旅居者角度反觀台灣作為一個語言學習場域來看，台灣的中文學習環境擁有世界競爭力─繁簡字都教、教法靈活、思想開放，但在語言中心和培育師資的研究機構上卻仍有值得反思的空間。

This study is based on a traveler’s perspective to discuss Japanese traveler’s life experience and their Chinese learning process in Taiwan. Discussion from the viewpoint of social and cultural anthropology, linguistics, Japanese and foreign language problems when communication with local Taiwanese people. And the culture shock and adaptation. From the travelers in Taiwan. In the other hand, Japanese travelers are learning Chinese course in Taiwan as well, this study analyze and discuss the following questions. "Why come to Taiwan to learn Chinese?" “There is no other purpose in addition to learn Chinese to Taiwan?" "Does the language center provide useful program to teach Chinese?" Furthermore, it discussed the view from Japanese traveler perils and advantages of Taiwan as an international Chinese learning field. In this study, qualitative study of "interviews" and "semi-structured questionnaire" for seven Japanese travelers through 2009-2014 to Taiwan's information and analysis to synthesize the way and the interview proceeds, derive the following conclusions. Japanese "heart to heart" cultural model, has internalized the language to be used (in Japanese) to them, when the Japanese out of this layer of protective film, the Japanese will feel helpless, especially when lived in the aboard or just start to learn a new language. Foreigners of Japanese and Japanese impressions tend to their own very different impression, the most direct example is the Japanese during the beginning of the silent and acquaintances, make foreigners an impression they are usually shy and not strong-minded yet Japanese themselves think it is considerate and respectful. In the other hand, Taiwan's Chinese learning environment has the world's competitive target character, but in the language centers and research institutions still have lots of space to improve.