中華文化帶入幼教環境初探
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2021
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中華文化浩瀚如海,應該讓幼兒學習什麼呢?本研究透過文獻對中華文化的分類,選出符合幼兒生活經驗的元素,以「書法」、「水墨畫」、「清明上河圖」、「十二生肖」、「中秋節」、「重陽節」六大主題,帶入幼兒教育環境設計,觀察幼兒是否能因此(1)認識中華文化(2)體驗美感領域,探討環境經過設計後對幼兒的影響。以台中市某公立幼兒園為範例,3-6歲混齡幼兒為研究對象,採用質性研究方法,以研究者兼設計者的角度現場觀察幼兒及訪談老師,蒐集幼兒學習資料,並引用幼兒課程大綱與美感領域相關的15條核心能力為指標,評估幼兒在文化與美感表現能力。最後統計出(1)體驗最多次(2)美感能力等級高的文化主題案例,做歸納分析。一、本研究發現:
(1) 中華文化能夠帶入幼教環境,滿足幼兒個人以及團體提升美感。
(2) 中國古代文人日常生活之美,能引發幼兒探索現代生活之美感。
(3) 展示作品需要有更多的留白空間,以凸顯主題來賞析中華美學。
二、本研究可提供幼兒園的建議:
(1) 中華文化環境能更豐富幼兒其他核心素養。
(2) 幼兒需要更多留白的時間來欣賞回應美感。
(3) 需要具有想像力和建構性的中華文化媒介。
期待未來幼兒園透過教育環境設計師的協助,老師能更容易在教學上引導幼兒,共同推廣中華文化軟實力,提供更符合華人幼教環境設計的範例。
This study identifies the elements from Chinese culture that can be utilized to design kindergarten teaching material and environment, which will nurture preschool children with local culture and a sense of beauty. Six types of elements—" calligraphy", "ink painting", "Shanghe River on Qingming Festival", "12 Chinese Zodiac", "Mid-Autumn Festival", and "Chongyang Festival" are identified. By introducing these elements into the design of children's learning environment, this study explores whether children can (1) understand Chinese culture and (2) comprehend the sense of beauty. This study conducts a field experiment by designing a public kindergarten in Taichung City. The age of 3 to 5 years old preschool children are recruited as the study subjects. Data collection involves observation, interviewing with on-site teachers, collect learning materials from children. This study draws on the 15 core competences related to the field of aesthetics, in reference to the ECEC curriculum framework Taiwan, as indicators to evaluate children's development and understanding of Chinese culture and the sense of beauty. The analysis found that, (1) Chinese culture can be brought into the preschool education environment to satisfy the needs of individual and group children to enhance their beauty. (2) The daily life of ancient Chinese literati is full of beauty, which triggers children to explore the beauty of modern life. (3) More blank space is needed to display works to highlight the theme to appreciate Chinese aesthetics. This study also has managerial implication to kindergarten teaching material and environmental design:(1) The Chinese cultural environment can enrich other core qualities of young children.(2) Toddlers need more blank time to appreciate the beauty of response.(3) Imaginative and constructive Chinese cultural teaching aids are required.In the future, through the assistance of designers, kindergartens are expected to make it easier for teachers to guide children in teaching and jointly promote the soft power of Chinese culture.
This study identifies the elements from Chinese culture that can be utilized to design kindergarten teaching material and environment, which will nurture preschool children with local culture and a sense of beauty. Six types of elements—" calligraphy", "ink painting", "Shanghe River on Qingming Festival", "12 Chinese Zodiac", "Mid-Autumn Festival", and "Chongyang Festival" are identified. By introducing these elements into the design of children's learning environment, this study explores whether children can (1) understand Chinese culture and (2) comprehend the sense of beauty. This study conducts a field experiment by designing a public kindergarten in Taichung City. The age of 3 to 5 years old preschool children are recruited as the study subjects. Data collection involves observation, interviewing with on-site teachers, collect learning materials from children. This study draws on the 15 core competences related to the field of aesthetics, in reference to the ECEC curriculum framework Taiwan, as indicators to evaluate children's development and understanding of Chinese culture and the sense of beauty. The analysis found that, (1) Chinese culture can be brought into the preschool education environment to satisfy the needs of individual and group children to enhance their beauty. (2) The daily life of ancient Chinese literati is full of beauty, which triggers children to explore the beauty of modern life. (3) More blank space is needed to display works to highlight the theme to appreciate Chinese aesthetics. This study also has managerial implication to kindergarten teaching material and environmental design:(1) The Chinese cultural environment can enrich other core qualities of young children.(2) Toddlers need more blank time to appreciate the beauty of response.(3) Imaginative and constructive Chinese cultural teaching aids are required.In the future, through the assistance of designers, kindergartens are expected to make it easier for teachers to guide children in teaching and jointly promote the soft power of Chinese culture.
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Keywords
中華文化, 美感領域, 幼教環境, 學習區, Chinese culture, aesthetic field, preschool education environment, learning area