針對韓國中學生「中國語課」之詞彙分析與探討

Abstract

韓國人使用漢字的歷史悠久，不少中文詞彙早已內化於韓國語言中，韓國人思考模式也無法擺脫漢字文化。在韓國使用的詞彙，51萬個韓語詞彙(標準國語大辭典)當中，約有70%是漢字詞(標準國語大辭典、崔玲愛1995)。1956年韓國文教部調查56,096個韓國詞彙，其中有39,563個漢字詞(70.5%)(文教部，1956)。而且在醫學、哲學、法律等領域的專門用語，大約有95％來自漢字。如果不瞭解漢字，無法真正理解韓國語言。換句話說，對熟悉漢字文化的韓國人而言，中文沒那麼陌生，反而是比較容易接受的語言。韓國漢字的字義和詞義絕大部分與中文相同或接近，因此韓國人學中文時，比學其他外國語更有優勢。在中文教學上，可以妥善運用韓國學生的漢字文化背景。 韓國的國、高中開設有「漢文課」，是以韓國人常用的漢字詞和古文為課文內容的課程。主要的教學目標是了解韓國人生活的模式，繼承韓國傳統文化以及幫助韓語的溝通。韓國人透過語言溝通和學校的教育課程，自然而然學到很多漢字和漢字詞。另外韓國目前在中學生課程裡面漸漸有了第二外語「中國語課」。「漢文課」裡面不少的漢字或漢字詞與「中國語課」中的漢字詞重複。 本研究分析在韓國使用的漢文教材編輯標準「韓國中學校教育用基礎900個漢字」和在韓國使用的中學生中國語教材「生活中國語」的漢字以及中文詞彙。根據本研究的分析結果，在13本「生活中國語」裡的教育用漢字為418個，包含教育用漢字的雙音節詞平均佔有51%。這意味著韓國中學生中文教育需要針對性的教學並且需要更深入地研究韓國中學生的中文詞彙教學。本研究歸納詞彙分析結果，進行探討「韓國中學生」詞彙教學的方向與之建議。The use of Chinese characters has a long history in Korea, and a good deal of Chinese vocabulary has already been incorporated into the Korean language. As such, Korean people’s way of thinking cannot be separated from the culture of these characters. In 510,000 Korean vocabulary words, about 70% are based on Chinese characters. In 1956 Korea’s Department of Cultural Education surveyed 56,096 Korean words and found that 39,563 (70.5%) were based on Chinese characters. In addition, they found that in fields with specialized vocabulary, such as medicine, philosophy and law, about 95% were based on Chinese characters. If one doesn’t have an understanding of Chinese characters, it is not possible to truly understand the Korean language. In other words, for Koreans who are fairly familiar with Chinese characters, Chinese is not so foreign. On the contrary, it is rather easy to learn. For the most part, the meanings of Korean characters correlate with the Chinese meanings. For this reason Koreans are at an advantage when studying Chinese, as compared to other languages. So we should make use of their language background in our Chinese curriculum. The course content of Korean middle and high school Chinese character classes includes the characters commonly used in Korean language as well as classical Korean. The primary educational goals are to understand the pattern of Korean people’s lives, carry on traditional Korean culture, and help communication in Korean. Through language communication and educational programs at school, Koreans naturally learn many Chinese characters and words. In addition, at the moment, Korean middle schools have gradually begun offering Chinese as a second language. Many Chinese characters and words taught in the Chinese character courses are repeated in the Chinese as a second language course. This article analyzes the standard compiled teaching materials for teaching Chinese characters in Korea’s 900 basic characters for Korean middle schools and the characters and vocabulary taught in the textbook series Life Chinese in Chinese courses in Korean middle schools. According to this research, in the thirteen books that make up the Life Chinese series there are 418 characters of which 51% are two syllable words. This shows that Chinese teaching in Korea needs to be more specifically targeted and further research needs to be done regarding the teaching of vocabulary. Based on the results of this study, this article explores the direction of how vocabulary should be taught.