現代漢語複合詞的研究與教學應用

Abstract

傳統的漢語語法研究，經常對雙音節詞有不同的看法，例如「約好」，史嘉琳（2006）等有些研究視為「複合動詞」；而《漢語情景會話》（1991，第三十八課）等有些教材視為「動補詞組」。我們認為如此不一致的看法對學習者的教學及學習上會產生阻力。因此，我們從現代漢語的「詞法」開始探討，區分「詞素」的屬性，進而界定「單純詞」、「合成詞」和「複合詞」，其內部成分皆為詞（自由詞素）的界定為「複合詞」。此外，藉由一些「成詞性」的探討，討論「複合詞」和「詞組」的不同，「複合詞」和「熟語」的不同，並且探討「複合詞」的語義及結構特性。 我們以複合詞之研究內容為基礎，再進行第一語言（韓語）的探討，並且藉由「韓語」和「漢語」的語言類型之比較及構詞方法的對比分析來深入探討。此外，藉由韓籍學習者的中介語分析，而指出韓籍學習者對現代漢語「複合詞」及「詞彙」的使用上所產生的一些「偏誤」現象，並且討論其產生因素和母語的「負遷移」現象。我們接續上文的探討內容為基礎，討論針對韓籍學習者的「教學應用」方案，而作為針對韓籍學習者的教學手冊或教材編輯者的編寫參考。 According to traditional Chinese grammar studies, scholars have different opinions to the disyllables. Take“約好”as an example. Some studies, like Chung(2006), regard it as a compound verb. Some teaching materials edited by some scholars , like 《Chinese situational dialogues》(1991，Lesson thirty-eight), regard it is a verb-result phrase. Such different opinions will lead obstructions to the teaching and learning in our opinion. As a result, we have to discuss about modern Chinese “morphology” and distinguish what is “morpheme” property. Furthermore, we may define what is “simplex”, “complex” and “compound” witch ingredients inside are all “free morpheme”, and defined as “compound words”. On the other hand, according to some “wordhood” studies, we can discuss about the difference between “compound words” and “phrases”, the difference between “compound words” and “idioms”. Also, we may analyze the meaning and structure character of “compound words”. We based on the content of compound words and conduct the analysis of first language (Korean) in further. We discuss through the language type comparison of “Korean” and “Chinese” and through the comparative analysis of contrastive analysis of word formation in depth. In addition, by the analysis of Korean learners Inter-language, we pointed out some “error” behavior of “compound words” and “vocabularies” in Modern Chinese which the Korean learners easily make firstly. Second, we discuss about the factors why it be generated and the phenomenon of the “negative transfer” from mother tongue. Based on the content of we mentioned above, we discuss “pedagogical applications” program for the Korean learner’s, and hope it will be reference for a teaching manual or the preparation materials editor for the Korean learners.