政府檔案影像處理之研究─以危機管理為觀點

Abstract

檔案是政府施政、社會活動之珍貴記錄，是我們文化脈絡的累積、人類歷史共同的記憶。鑑往知來，讓我們能站在巨人肩膀上，站得更高，看得更遠，然而「危機」亦如影隨形相伴其中。就政府檔案而言，一旦遭天災滅失或人為竄改、毀損；對人民權益之保障、國家政經發展及政府形象之影響甚鉅。 政府面對自然反撲、災害頻仍、科技急速發展、文化衝突、媒體渲染等多重因素，互相交錯影響的不確定風險時代，對於任何可能的危機都應及早預防與應變。本研究乃針對政府檔案中的文字資料及照片資料對其重製保存，採微縮方式或數位化過程(簡稱影像處理)及其相關之應用進行研究；並從危機管理的觀點將政府檔案影像處理作一通盤性的了解與探究。 本研究建議：1.為維護政府檔案安全，必須進行檔案影像處理複製及異地儲存備援，以複製品提供閱覽應用；2.政府應依檔案用途不同制訂不同的影像處理政策，若需長久保存之原件，應以微縮方式儲存，只需短期應用者，則以數位化方式儲存；若兩者兼具者，則檔案應數位化與微縮併行。3.為維持微縮捲片完整性及善用資訊科技，其作業方式，應調整為數位化後再據以微縮；4.善用電子及資訊科技，建置標準化功能之檔案庫房；5.為提升檔案保存維護技術，應建立檔案保護人員專業證照制度等。期能對政府相關單位擬定檔案影像處理政策之規劃有所俾助。Archives are for the recordings of governmental projects, social activities, as well as shared memories for the human history and accumulation of the cultural thread of thoughts. It allows us to reflect on the past and look forward to the future as though we were on the shoulders of a giant and able to stand at a high altitude and see through a far distance. However, “crisis” comes along with it just as the shadow sticks to its object. For government archives, once they are destroyed by natural disasters or human forgeries, not only people’s rights are not protected but also the political and economic developments of a nation are greatly impaired. Thus the image of government is badly hurt. In view of the increasing uncertainty of this risky era due to the intertwined effect of the nature’s revenge, frequently occurred disasters, rapid growth of technology, cultural conflict, and media’s exaggeration report, any foreseeable crisis needs to be taken precautious measure. Here we will research on how to preserve the text and picturesque data of government archives by micrographic or digitalization (image processing) and develop applications for them. Furthermore, we will take an overall view of crisis analysis and study for the government archive image processing tasks. This study suggests: 1. In order to keep the archive data safe, we must back up the archives on locations far apart and keep the originals in a safe place. Only the backup copies are available for people to look up or use. 2. The government should make different image processing policies according to the needs of different archives’ storage requirements. For long term preservation, micrographic archives are desirable, but for short term storage, digitalization may just be necessary for the job. For both short term and long term applications, the archives should apply both techniques in the same time. 3. For the sake of preserving the roll microfilm’s integrity and taking advantages of the information techniques, the procedure of doing micrographic should reverse the order of micrographic and digitalization, that is, digitalization should precede micrographic. 4. Set up a national-level, full-fledge archives storage room by harnessing the power of electronic and information technology. 5. Set up professional license certification system for archive professionals to maintain high quality archive achievement for doing their jobs, hoping to help the related government agencies properly plan their archive image processing policies.