高中音樂教科書之東南亞地區音樂及其與新住民文化之相關內容分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討高中音樂教科書中，東南亞音樂與新住民文化相關之內容，採用內容分析法，研究對象為三民、育達、泰宇、華興、謳馨等五家出版社，以《十二年國民教育之高中藝術領域課程綱要》編撰之教科書。研究工具為研究者自編之「高中音樂教科書東南亞地區音樂及其與新住民文化之相關內容分析研究類目表」，類目表共有兩部分，第一部份為藝術領域，類目包含「表現」、「鑑賞」、「實踐」三學習構面，以及「歌唱演奏」、「創作展現」、「審美感知」、「審美理解」、「藝術參與」、「生活應用」六項關鍵內涵。第二部分為新住民文化，類目內容為「越南」、「印尼」、「泰國」、「菲律賓」、「其他」等新住民母國，以及「信仰」、「民俗」、「生活」、「娛樂」、「其他」等文化面向。以此分析各版音樂教科書中，東南亞音樂以及文化呈現情形。研究結論如下： 一、各版教科書東南亞音樂藝術領域內容 各版教科書中，藝術領域面向以「鑑賞」相關內容比例最高，佔86.54%，其中又以「審美感知」為主。「實踐」內容最少，僅佔3.85%，且各版本皆沒有「生活應用」之相關內容。 二、各版教科書東南亞音樂新住民文化內容 各版教科書中，新住民文化以「印尼」出現次數最多，共計58.82%，越南、印尼、菲律賓、泰國以外之其他東南亞國家比例最低，1.96%。文化內容以「娛樂」佔46.15%，「生活」相關文化比例最低，5.13%。

最後，研究者依據上述之發現，針對教科書編輯單位、教師教學，以及後續研究提出建議。This research analyzes content in Taiwanese high school music textbooks correlated to new immigrant culture and Southeast Asian music. The research adapts content analysis as its research method. The research materials are high school music textbooks published by Sanmin, Yuida, Taiyu, Hwahsing and Oceania following 2014 High School Art Field Curriculum Guidelines of 12- Year Basic Education. The research tool is the Category List of Content Analysis on Content Correlated to Southeast Asian Music and New Immigrant Culture in High School Music Textbooks, edited by the researcher. There are two parts in the list. The first part is the field of art. This part includes three learning perspectives: performance, connoisseurship and praxis. The learning perspectives can be divided into six key connotations: singing and instruments playing, composing, aesthetic perceiving, aesthetic understanding, participation in art, practice in daily life. The second part is the field of new immigrants culture. This part includes categories of the native countries of new immigrants : Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines and others. This part also includes cultural perspectives of religion, folklore, daily life, entertainment and others. There are three parts in the conclusion of this research. First, the research reveals that ‘connoisseurship’ takes the highest proportion of 87.72 % in the content of the field of art in textbooks, and ‘aesthetic perceiving’ takes most part of connoisseurship. ‘Praxis’ takes only 5.77% of the content, the least proportion in the field of art. All textbooks analyzed in the research do not have content in ‘practice in daily life’. Second, this research finds that ‘Indonesia’ has the highest proportion of 58.82% in the field of new immigrants culture in textbooks. ‘The others’, which are Southeast Asian countries except Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines and Thailand, has the lowest proportion of 1.96% in the content. Analyzing by cultural perspectives, ‘entertainment’ takes the highest proportion of 46.15%, while ‘daily life’ only takes the lowest 5.13%. The last part of the conclusion are suggestions on textbook publishers, teaching methods and further research according to the result of analysis.