人際方面童年逆境經驗者之經驗探究：以聆聽指引方法為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討人際方面童年逆境經驗對人的影響，亦即希望了解人在成年以前，面對家庭成員的衝突與家長的不當對待，會受到哪些影響又會如何因應。過去相關領域的研究，往往以問卷或健康資料進行數據分析，難以得知親身經歷者，怎麼主觀看待與理解自己走過逆境的經驗。所以本研究採用聆聽指引方法，邀請三名年齡介於18到26歲，並曾經遭遇過人際方面童年逆境經驗者，分析他們如何描述自己的生命故事。聆聽指引方法係將訪談錄音謄稿後進行分析：先呈現參與者的心理地景與引發研究者的反應，接著探索參與者在接受訪談時稱呼自己時所使用的自我聲線，以及說話時所使用的不同對位聲線，最後再對所有聲線進行組織和整體分析。研究結果發現，參與者A的自我聲線具有「模糊有距離」、「矛盾」、「低落」與「力量」的特性，對位聲線在「受苦」、「脫節」與「不解」的循環中，逐漸浮現「真我」出場；參與者B的自我聲線具有「平靜與遙遠」、「理性」與「徘徊」的特性，對位聲線在「平淡」、「活力」與「微弱」的基調下，「慍怒」出席而「傷心」缺席；參與者C的自我聲線具有「批判」、「愛自己」與「富有期盼」的特性，對位聲線由「祕密」開展，進入「正義」與「忐忑」的主旋律，走到最後「希望」的終章。研究也組織與共同分析三位參與者，反映在度過童年人際逆境過程中的聲線特徵。依研究結果，本研究建議經歷人際方面童年逆境經驗者，主動因應與積極求助，在不同脈絡下關注自己所具有的多重聲線；此外，透過了解經歷者內在不同的聲音，不論是與逆境保持的距離、重構對自我的觀感以及與家庭的關係取得平衡等方式，都可以提供來訪者與實務工作者參考；最後，特別是有類似經歷者，若在療癒的路上，可以與對逆境的距離感、不適、不認同與傷心並存，關照自我的內心，將有助於最終在人生的追求上，找到獨一無二的方式去與逆境經驗連結。This study aimed to explore the impact of interpersonal adverse childhood experiences (I-ACEs), specifically focusing on the effects and coping mechanisms of exposure to family members’ conflict and childhood maltreatment experienced before adulthood.Previous research in related fields has often relied on quantitative data analysis using questionnaires or health records, making it difficult to understand how individuals who have personally experienced I-ACEs subjectively perceive and comprehend their own experiences. Therefore, this study employed the Listening Guide method and invited 3 participants, aged 18 to 26, who have encountered I-ACEs. The analysis focused on how they narrated their life stories, in which the Listening Guide method involves analyses of the interview recordings and transcripts: First, presenting the participants' psychological landscapes and the researcher's responses; second, exploring the voice of the self that participants used when referring to themselves during the interview; third, examining the different contrapuntal voices present in their speech; and finally, organizing and conducting an overall analysis of all voices. The findings revealed distinct characteristics in their voice of the self for each participant: Participant A exhibited "ambiguity and distance," "contradiction," "low spirits,"and "strength," with contrapuntal voices cycling through "suffering," "disconnection," and "questioning," gradually leading to the emergence of the "true self." Participant B's self-voice displayed "calmness and remoteness," "rationality," and "hesitation," while the contrapuntal voices, against a backdrop of "flatness," " energy," and "weakness," featured the presence of "indignation" and the absence of "sadness." Participant C's self-voice was characterized by "criticism," "self-love," and "hopefulness," with contrapuntal voices unfolding from "secret" into the main themes encompassing of "justice" and "perturbation," culminating in the final chapter of "hope." Lastly, current research also organized and analyzed the characteristics of the 3 participants’ voices at the same time. According to the findings, this study suggests that individuals who have experienced I-ACEs be active, reach out for help, and attend to their multiple voices in various contexts. The multiple voices that help individuals keep distance from their adverse experiences, reframe their perceptions of themselves, and maintain an intricate relationship with their family are vital references for both visitors and practitioners. Especially for those who have similar experiences, letting the diverse aspects facing adverse experiences (e.g. discomfort, disapproval, sadness, distance) coexist and nurturing their inner being will ultimately enable them to connect personal aspirations with adverse experiences in their own unique ways.