Desiderius Erasmus和平思想及其教育蘊義

Abstract

在文藝復興教育史上，Desiderius Erasmus（1466-1536）被譽為一代偉大的人文主義者。究其一生的學術與精神，和平思想的理念幾乎貫穿在他畢生的事業。本研究欲深入探討Erasmus和平思想的淵源以及教育的可能性，希望從他身上汲取思想精華，反思當代教育的發展。 本研究以Erasmus的生平為起點，了解他所處的社會背景如何塑造他的和平思想，尤其在政治與宗教的問題上，他認為有必要透過溫和的方式，給予統治者建議以及試圖緩解宗教分裂的危機。他這種漸進與溫和的改革理念，也同時是和平思想的代表，都可說源自於一套「基督哲學」（Philosophia Christi）的展現。其次，透過本研究對Erasmus和平思想方面的著作進行分析與詮釋後，也發現Erasmus的和平思想蘊含著基督教互愛的精神以及陶冶品格上的德行。兩者作為理解Erasmus的和平思想有著極為重要的關鍵，同時也解釋了為何他要透過教育的方式來改革社會，期待社會能夠真正達到和平的狀態。 在理解Erasmus的和平思想後，本研究也將嘗試思考他和平思想的教育蘊義，提出一些在當代社會發展過程一些應該正視的教育議題。最後在結論中，則會根據Erasmus所主張的和平概念，對於今日台灣社會的教育提出反思與啟示。In the history of the Renaissance education, Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) was known as a great humanist of his generation. The academic and spiritual aspects of his life and the idea of peace thought almost ran through his career. This study intends to deeply explore the origin of Erasmus' peace thought and the possibility of education, hoping to draw the essence of thought from him, reflecting on the development of contemporary education. This study with Erasmus's life as a starting point to understand how the social background he lived in shaped his peaceful thoughts, especially on political and religious issues. He considers that it is necessary to give rulers advice and try to ease religious crisis of division. His gradual and moderate reform concept is also a representative of peaceful thoughts, which can be said to be derived from the display of a set of“Christian Philosophy”or“philosophy of Christ”(Philosophia Christi). Secondly, through the analysis and interpretation of Erasmus' peace thought writings through this study, it is also found that Erasmus' peace thoughts contain the spirit of Christian mutual love and the virtue of cultivating character. The two are extremely important keys to understanding Erasmus's peaceful thought, and also explain why he wishes to reform society through education, hoping that society can truly achieve a state of peace. After understanding Erasmus' peace thought, this study will also try to think about the educational implications ofhis peace thought, and propose some educational issues that should be faced squarely in the development of contemporary society. Finally, in the conclusion, based on the concept of peace advocated by Erasmus, some reflections and inspirations will be put forward for the education in today's Taiwan society.