籃球不同接球腳步對變換運球方向之影響

Abstract

目的：探討籃球運動中，不同接球腳步在方向變換時膝關節的角度及力矩的差異。方法：分別以KISTLER測力板系統、Vicon Motion System動作分析系統擷取18位高中女子甲組之籃球選手（平均身高167.7±4.96cm， 平均體重60.44±5.55，接觸籃球時間7.09±1.15年）的雙腳急停、單腳急停、原地急停變換方向時，急停腳（右腳）下肢運動學與動力學等資料。實驗以單因子變異數分析 (α＝.05) 做為統計方式。結果：原地急停(0.27±0.02秒) 時，急停腳著地時間顯著比單腳急停(0.32±0.03秒)及雙腳急停(0.30±0.03秒)來的快。雙腳急停(56.39 ±6.67度)時，膝關節屈曲角度顯著大於原地急停(50.30±8.15度)。單腳急停(2.80±0.49 Nm/Kg)時，所受到的伸展力矩顯著大於雙腳急停(2.02±1.04 Nm/Kg)。雙腳急停(9.9±13.9％) 時，膝關節內旋角度發生時間比原地急停(24.6±17.0％)顯著來的小。雙腳急停(20.2±7.7％) 膝關節內翻力矩發生的時間最早，並顯著大於原地急停(36.3±9.5％)。結論與建議：在著地階段，雙腳急停動作有大於原地急停動作的膝關節屈曲角度以及小於單腳急停動作的膝關節屈曲力矩，因此在做切入前急停時，可以盡量採用雙腳急停的動作，以減少較大的膝關節屈曲力矩所可能帶來的傷害。加強急停動作時相關的神經肌肉訓練，對於女性籃球員減低膝關節負荷進而減少非接觸性前十字韌帶的傷害。Purposes: To investigate the difference between angle and moment of knee joint while changing directions with different steps. Methods: KISTLER System and Vicon Motion System were used to collect the kinematics and kinetics of lower limbs from eighteen high school basketball girl players (height: 167.7±4.96cm, weight: 60.44±5.55 and training time: 7.09±1.15years). One-way ANONVA was used to analyze the data. Results: The ground-touching period of stopping at the original position (0.27±0.02sec) was obviously faster than that of stopping with single leg (0.32±0.03sec) or both legs (0.30±0.03sec). The flexion angle of stopping with both legs (56.39 ±6.67degrees) was bigger than that of stopping at the original position (50.30±8.15degrees). The extension moment of stopping with single leg (2.80±0.49 Nm/Kg) was bigger than that of stopping with both legs (2.02±1.04 Nm/Kg). The timing of peak knee internal rotation of stopping with both legs (9.9±13.9％) was earlier than that of stopping at the original position (24.6±17.0％). The timing of peak knee varus moment of stopping with both legs (20.2±7.7％) was earlier than that of stopping at the original position (36.3±9.5％). Conclusions: While touching the ground, the flexion angle and moment of stopping with both legs were better than that of stopping with single leg and at the original position. So before cutting and stopping, players should stop with both legs as possible, that they may reduce the knee injury. Also players should strengthen their nerve and muscle while stopping, so that they may decrease the injure of Anterior Cruciate Ligament ( ACL) by lessening the load of knee.