台南林百貨的再利用與地方感之關係

Abstract

林百貨座落於台南市，是日治時期台灣第二間百貨公司，過去曾被視為是「摩登」、「現代化」的指標，戰後其功能幾經變革，後因年久失修而一度成為危樓，經過修復後，2014年以「文創百貨」的形式重新開幕。除了保留過去林百貨的外型、建築結構，將「復古」、「台南在地生活」做為經營方向，增添許多懷舊與復古的傢俱擺飾，並販售許多台南或台灣在地產品。過去關於地方感的研究，較少關於歷史建築修復與再利用的主題，以及訪客對林百貨的修復是否具真實性之認同程度與地方感程度高低的討論。 因此，本研究探討訪客於林百貨所產生的地方感程度與修復真實性之間的關係，從文獻、參與觀察與訪談的結果擬定問卷，利用問卷調查進行量化研究，使用SPSS23為資料分析工具，結果發現：（1）地方感的因素來源依解釋變異量分為四項：地方依戀、地方認同、地方依賴、活動依賴。藉各種活動促使訪客再次前往，增加其活動依賴的程度，進而再產生地方依賴。（2）訪客的居住地、到訪次數以及對歷史建築的興趣會影響地方感之程度。但僅到訪次數與其對林百貨之定位有顯著影響。（3）地方感程度越高，越認為林百貨的修復是符合真實性原則的，且對於林百貨的定位：古蹟、百貨公司、文創展示中心以及台南市的地標，有越高的認同度。（4）對歷史建築有越高的興趣，以及將林百貨定位為古蹟、文創展示中心或台南市的地標之訪客，對修復真實性的認同程度也越高。（5）訪客越認同林百貨修復的真實性，對於刻意保留的遺跡印象更深刻，且更認同這些遺跡作為林百貨的象徵，及營造林百貨的氛圍。（6）「特地保留的遺跡」中，越符合古蹟修復真實性原則的建築物件，越能使訪客印象深刻，也更能作為林百貨的代表。 實務上建議強調林百貨特有的活動以增加訪客的依賴程度，藉以增加再訪意願和機會；並強調定位與特定建築元素，加深訪客對其印象，以增加文創商品的購買意願。後續研究建議可與其他歷史建築再利用的案例進行比較討論，或以不同年齡層進行地方感之探討。

Located in Tainan City, Hayashi Department Store is the second department store in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation. In the past, it was regarded as an indicator of "modernity" and "modernization." After the war, its functions were changed several times, and it became a dangerous building. After being restored, it reopened in 2014 as a "cultural and creative department store". In addition to preserving the appearance and building structure of the past Hayashi Department Store, the company has taken "retro" and "life in Tainan" as its operating direction, adding many nostalgic and vintage furniture and selling many local products in Tainan or Taiwan. Past researches on the sense of place have less discussion about the theme of restoration and reuse of historical buildings, and the level of visitor's acceptance about the sense of place and the authenticity of restoration. Therefore, this study explored the relationship between the sense of place of the visitors and the authenticity of restoration in the Hayashi department store. The questionnaire was drawn from the results of literature, participation observation and interview, and the questionnaire was used for quantitative research. SPSS23 was used as data analysis tool. The results show that: (1) The source of sense of place is divided into four categories according to the variance explained: place attachment, place identity, place dependence, and activity dependence. Through various activities to promote visitors to go again, increasing the degree of dependence on their activities, thereby re-generating place dependence. (2) The visitor's place of residence, the number of visits and the interest in historic buildings will affect the level of sense of place. However, only the number of visits has a significant impact on the positioning of Hayashi Department Store. (3) The higher level of sense of place, the more the department store's restoration is in line with the principle of authenticity, and the positioning of Hayashi Department Store: monuments, department stores, cultural and creative centers and the landmark of Tainan, have a higher level of acceptance. (4) The higher interest in historic buildings and the positioning of Hayashi Department Store as visitors to monuments, cultural and creative exhibition centers or the landmark of Tainan, the higher the recognition of the authenticity of restoration. (5) The more recognizable the authenticity of restoration in Hayashi Department Store, the more impressed the relics they deliberately retained and the more their identity as a symbol of Hayashi Department Store and the ambience of Hayashi Department Store. (6) Of the "Specially Preserved Remains", the more architectural objects conforming to the principle of authenticity of historical relics, the more impressed visitors and the better representation of Hayashi Department Store. In practice, it is proposed to emphasize the unique activities of Hayashi Department Store to increase the reliance of visitors in order to increase their willingness and chances of revisiting. Also, emphasize the positioning and particular architectural elements to deepen the visitors' impression of them so as to increase the willingness to purchase the products. Subsequent research can be compared with other cases of reuse of historic buildings, or explore the sense of place in different age groups.