青少年優秀羽球選手對不同技能水準者高反手擊球前預期能力之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在透過不同時段的視覺前線索，探討青少年優秀羽球選手對不同技能水準者高反手擊球其預期擊球落點準確性之差異，並進ㄧ步找出高反手不同擊球方式的重要線索。本研究的受試者(N=52)為青少年優秀羽球選手，平均年齡16.50±1.20，。以三位受過專業訓練不同技能水準的女子羽球選手為示範者，進行ㄧ系列的高反手擊球動作，利用數位攝影機將示範者的擊球動作拍成影片，藉由時間遮蔽法，將影片處理成三種不同時段的視覺前線索畫面，共計180個擊球動作畫面。受試者在觀看完擊球動作畫面後，必需在3秒內預期其落點所在。然後將資料轉換成預期準確率，採成對T檢定來進行統計考驗，顯著水準定為0.5。 結果顯示： 一、隨著時段的變化，擊球前線索的增加，在預期高技能水準者及低技能水準者的準確率也相對顯著的提高，各時段間的差異皆達到顯著水準，而在預期中技能水準者的準確率方面，在時段2、時段3則未達到顯著水準， 二、在時段1的視覺前線索下，預期三種不同技能水準者間準確率並無顯著差異存在，而在時段2的視覺前線索下，高技能水準者與中技能水準者間準確率具有顯著差異存在，在時段3的視覺前線索下，預期三種不同技能水準者間準確率具有顯著差異存在。 三、在不同擊球方式下，預期高技能水準者與中技能水準者準確率，除了在直線切球與斜線切球間未具有顯著差異外，其他的均具有顯著差異；在不同擊球方式下，預期低技能水準者四種擊球方式間的準確率具有顯著差異。

This research is to examine the accuracy of anticipation of points of landing of an overhead backhand shot based on visual pre-cues of different stages of the shot motion given to the player, and furthermore discover the crucial cues of different overhead backhand shots. The subjects of this research(N=52) are young elite athletes of the age of 16.5±1.20. With three female athletes with different skill levels of professional training to provide the footage of a series of overhead backhand shots. With the use of a digital video camera and post production to produce three stages of visual pre-cueing and a total of 180 shots to use in a temporal occlusion paradigm. The subjects are to decide on the landing point within three seconds of viewing the images. The rate of accurate identification was calculated using paired T-test as the method of statistical analysis, and showed a clear level of 0.5. The results show: 1.Through the different stages and increase of visual pre-cues, the success rate of identifying landing points of the high level and low level athlete greatly increased. The difference in successful identification rates of the 3 stages of motion all achieve clear level. 2.In stage one of visual pre-cueing, the difference in success rate of identifying landing points did not achieve a clear level and were close to identical among the three skill levels. In stage 2, the success rate of identifying landing points between high skilled athlete and middle skilled athlete were clearly different. In stage 3 of visual pre-cues, all three skill levels had different success rates of identifying landing points. 3.The difference in success rates of identifying landing points between high skilled and middle skilled athletes were only similar for straight drop shot and cross-court drop shot, all other shots achieved a clear level of difference. The prediction of the four shots of the low skilled level athlete all achieved a clear level of difference.