皮維‧德‧夏畹的索爾本大學寓意性壁畫

Abstract

皮維‧德‧夏畹是十九世紀的法國畫家，他的壁畫常裝飾於法國各地的公共建築，例如亞眠、馬賽、里昂、盧昂的美術館，以及萬神殿、巴黎市政廳和索爾本大學，其詩意的風格受到各界的喜愛。本論文關注於索爾本壁畫中的聖林形式，「聖林」一詞來自夏畹的里昂壁畫的主題，以繆斯居住的帕納索斯山為靈感，藉由潘諾夫斯基的圖像學研究法進行圖像的描述、分析和解釋，討論藝術家如何將索爾本大學比喻為「學術聖林」，以及作品寓意的影響。

論文的結構為緒論、本文和結論，本文可分為四章。第一章先介紹藝術家生存的時代和背景，以及委託案的相關資訊，呈現索爾本大學的歷史和重要性，並且藉由藝術家的草圖發現創作過程和構想的轉變。第二章研究索爾本壁畫的主題，發現作品中的內容和形式，第三章則收集相關主題的圖像資料，藉由主題和圖像的歷史了解索爾本壁畫的寓意。第四章綜合第二章和第三章的研究成果，探討索爾本壁畫的完整寓意，並且藉由相關的文獻進行研究，以身體與性別、政府支持藝術家的理由、潛意識的概念和法國性作為討論的議題，呈現夏畹的壁畫對於公眾的影響力。結論延伸第四章的論述，藉由藝術家與國家的關係討論法國性，呈現夏畹對於土地、民族和祖國的認同，他使用聖林形式想像國家的起源、現在和未來，呈現個人的現代烏托邦。Puvis de Chavannes is a French painter in the nineteenth century. His mural paintings often decorated public buildings throughout France, including the museums in Amiens, Marseilles, Lyons and Rouen, as well as the Pantheon, the city hall in Paris, and the Sorbonne University. The poetic style of his paintings is really popular with the government and the crowd. This thesis concerns on the form of the sacred woods in the Sorbonne mural, and the words of “the sacred wood” are from the subject matter of Puvis’ Lyons mural that was inspired form Mount Parnassus where the Muses inhabited. By using Ewrin Panofsky’s method in Iconology, the purposes of this thesis are to describe, analyze and interpret the painting, discuss how this artist uses the imagery of “the academic sacred wood” in the Sorbonne University, and explain the influence of the allegory of this painting.

The content of this thesis includes the introduction, the text, and the conclusion. The text is divided into four chapters. In Chapter 1 I introduce the age and background of the artist, all the messages in this commission, representing the history and the important meaning of the Sorbonne University, and also the process of the creation and the change of the ideas through the artistic drafts. Because of the great size of the Sorbonne mural, the painting is divided into three parts. In Chapter 2 I study the subject matters of the Sorbonne mural, and discover the contents and the matter of this work. In Chapter 3 there is the image research of the related subjects, focusing on understanding the allegory of the Sorbonne mural through researching the history of the subject matters and images. In Chapter 4 I synthesizes the researches of Chapter 2 and 3 in order to discuss the complete allegory of the Sorbonne mural; to represents the influential force for the public, I also research some debates of the literatures, both on body and the gender, the reason why the government supported this artist, the theory of the unconscious, and the Frenchness. Finally, in the conclusion, I extend the discussion of Chapter 4, including the debates on the Frenchess that concerns the relationship of this artist and the country. By figuring out Puvis’ identity of the ground, nation, and the motherland, my conclusion is that he used the form of the sacred wood as the media not only to imagine the source, the present and the future of French, but also to explore his personal modern Utopia.