家庭社會資本與青少年憂鬱之關係

Abstract

青少年憂鬱為全球重要之公衛議題，影響青少年憂鬱成因中，性別為個人層次之顯著預測因子，女性較男性易有憂鬱情形。家庭則為環境層次中之重要影響因子，其中家庭所提供的社會資本與青少年憂鬱有密切關係，家庭社會資本依據其性質可分為結構性及功能性家庭社會資本兩類。因此，本研究擬以家庭結構、與其他親戚同住情形做為結構性家庭社會資本變項；親子關係、父母監管、父母教育期望做為功能性家庭社會資本變項，來探討其對青少年憂鬱之影響，並比較青少年憂鬱之性別差異。 本研究資料取自臺灣青少年成長歷程研究計畫的第一波國一樣本（N=2690），資料以IBM SPSS 22.0進行分析，統計方法包含描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、相關性檢定及階層迴歸。 研究結果發現：（一）青少年女性憂鬱分數高於男性。（二）青少年憂鬱因學校所在地區的不同而有差異。（三）青少年之家庭結構在憂鬱上有差異，單親家庭者憂鬱分數高於雙親家庭者。（四）親子關係、父母監管與青少年憂鬱達顯著正相關。（五）階層迴歸分析結果顯示，「性別」、「學校所在地為台北市」、「家庭結構」、「親子關係」、「父母監管」能顯著預測青少年憂鬱。（六）階層迴歸模式一及模式二之解釋變異量僅約為2％，而在模式三，納入功能性家庭社會資本變項後，解釋變異量增加為約9％，顯示功能性家庭社會資本變項對青少年憂鬱之預測力大於結構性家庭社會資本變項。 性別與家庭社會資本會影響青少年的憂鬱情形，因此，未來若要做青少年心理健康促進，可從此二方面著手。

Depression in adolescents is a vital and worldwide issue in public health. Sex is a significant predictor of depression in adolescents in individual levels. Girls are more vulnerable to depression than boys. In the other hand, the social capital provided by family (family social capital) is an important factor affecting mental health in adolescent in environmental levels. Furthermore, family social capital can be divided into structural and functional parts depending on its characters. Therefore, this study examined the relation between family social capital and depression in adolescents. The variables of family social capital used in this study included structural family social capital which comprised family structure and living with extended family members, and functional family social capital which comprised parent-child relationship, parent’s monitoring of the child, and parent’s educational aspiration toward the child. Also, this study investigated the sex difference in depression in adolescents. The data used in this study was derived from the wave 1junior high school samples of Taiwan Youth Project, with a valid sample of 2,690 subjects. The data was analyzed by IBM SPSS 22.0 and the statistical methods included descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, correlation coefficient test, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results were as follows: (1) Adolescent girls had higher depression scores than boys. (2) Depression scores in adolescents varied according to the area school located. (3) Depression scores in adolescents varied according to the type of family structure. Single-parent adolescents had higher depression scores than two-parent ones. (4) Parent-child relationship and parent’s monitoring of the child were significantly negatively related to depression in adolescents. (5) Hierarchical regression analysis showed that sex, school located in Taipei, family structure, parent-child relationship, and parent’s monitoring of the child could predict the depression in adolescents. (6) Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the total variance explained by model 1 and model 2 was around 2%. However, in model 3, the total explanation of variance increased to 9% after putting the functional family social capital variable into the model, which referred that the predictivity of functional family social capital variable was higher than the structural family social capital variable. Sex and family social capital both had impacts on depression in adolescents. Therefore, the future promotion of mental health in adolescents can focus on the two parts