日治初期臺灣初等學校運動會之歷史考察（1895～1911）

Abstract

日治初期臺灣初等學校運動會之歷史考察 （1895～1911） 中華民國九十六年一月 研 究 生：金湘斌 指導教授：蔡禎雄 摘 要

運動會已在百年前經由日本殖民政府引入，並在臺灣學校有相當程度的發展。本論文擬探究日治初期臺灣初等學校運動會的源起，以及發展的過程。並將此過程置於殖民地化與近代化過程中檢視，探討臺灣初等學校運動會實施的內容，以及對臺灣人之影響。研究結果發現： 日治時期最早舉行的學校運動會是1896年12月12日，由國語學校第一附屬學校舉辦的「遠足運動」。遠足運動是臺灣初等學校運動會的一種過渡形式，可謂是臺灣初等學校運動會的「胎動」。直至1901年後，以體操及各種遊戲競技為主的運動會逐漸與遠足運動分離，運動會的形式才慢慢固定下來。1897年11月23日，第一、第二附屬學校共同舉行的聯合運動會，是為臺灣初等學校首次以運動會為名稱舉行的。至1905年後，逐漸普及於臺灣初等學校之中。在運動會舉辦的目的上，唯一與日本小學校不同之處，在於臺灣初等學校強調「講究衛生」，至於「獎勵入學」則是公學校運動會在此時期特有的目的。在舉行時間上，則是以結合國家祭典，將日本天皇制的國家概念傳輸至新領土的臺灣臣民。另一方面，透過運動會會場的裝飾與舉辦的形式，在不知不覺之中，將日本國家觀念傳遞給臺灣學童，藉此塑造出忠君愛國的殖民地少國民。再者，若從運動會的內容來看，運動會不僅扮演了檢視學校體操科的角色，還具有傳遞近代體育運動的功能，更是間接地豐富了學校體育運動的發展。 總括來說，臺灣初等學校運動會，為傳遞體育觀念的最佳展示場所，進而穩定地成為臺灣初等學校行事曆中不可或缺的活動。另一方面，日本殖民政府透過運動會的實施，展現出教化的力量，筆者以為它可視為教化臺灣人的先聲。

關鍵詞：日治初期、臺灣初等學校、運動會

The Historical Research on Taiwan Elementary School Sports Tournaments during the Initial Stage of Japanese Governance(1895-1911)

January, 2007 Chin Hsiang-Pin Advisor:Tasi, Jen-Shiung

ABSTRACT Developing smoothly, sports tournaments were introduced into Taiwan by the Japanese colonial government a hundred years ago. From colonial and modernistic points of view, this paper intends to investigate the origin and the process of development of Taiwan elementary school sports tournaments during the initial stage of Japanese governance, and to make an inquiry into the activities held by the sports tournaments and how they influence Taiwanese. The findings of the research: During the initial stage of Japanese governance, the first school sports tournament held by the first branch of kukogo school was the “trip on foot” on December, 12th, 1896. As the beginning of Taiwan elementary school sports tournament, the “trip on foot” was merely a rough model. The form of it was not established until 1901. Then, sports tournaments based on gymnastics and various competitions were separated from the “trip on foot.” On November, 23rd, 1897, the first sports tournament named “united sports tournament” was held by the first and the second branch of kukogo school. Since 1905, sports tournaments had become popular among Taiwan elementary schools. As for the goal of sports tournaments, the difference between the Taiwan elementary schools and the Japan elementary schools was that the former put emphasis on hygiene. And one unique purpose of the public elementary schools during this stage was the promotion of entering school. As for the meeting date, the sports tournaments were held on national holidays in order to convey the nationalism of the emperor of Japan. The same concept was also conveyed implicitly through the decoration and the form of the tournaments so as to teach the young colonial citizen loyalty and patriotism. Lastly, the sports tournaments not only played the role of superior checking the gymnastics in school, they also introduced modern sports, enriching the development of physical education indirectly. In short, being regarded as the best display of conveying the concept of sports, Taiwan elementary school sports tournaments had become a routine. And the Japanese colonial government showed the power of doctrines by holding them. From personal points of view, I consider sports tournaments as the first step of educating Taiwanese.

Key words: the initial stage of Japanese governance, Taiwan elementary school, sports tournaments.