科技產業專業女性離開職場擔任全職媽媽之生命歷程研究: 以新竹科學園區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在呈現科技產業專業女性離開工作職場回家擔任全職媽媽的生命歷程。目的在探討科技產業專業女性生命主題發展脈絡對於離職選擇歷程的影響、工作-家庭衝突的處境、離職回家的生活調適狀況，以及離職回家後生命發展的改變及其未來生涯規劃，同時也對於選擇離職回家的社會文化脈絡進行討論。研究者採用敘事研究方法，以立意取樣的方式，邀請四位新竹科學園區因為家庭照顧因素離職的科技產業專業女性接受訪談，所得資料以「整體-內容」與「類別-內容」方式進行分析與整理。 研究發現：一、生命主題發展脈絡對於離職選擇歷程的影響：（1）將生命歷程中與原生家庭的親子關係，透過現在的親子關係做彌補或傳遞下去；（2）與生命歷程中的重要人物或重大事件連結且影響生命故事發展；（3）生命歷程中的重要信念或價值觀成為行動的原則；（4）生命歷程中的內在需求是先滿足低層次再進入高層次，母愛高峰經驗會讓專業女性直接跳過低層次進入高層次。二、科技產業專業女性工作-家庭衝突的處境：（1）工作-家庭雙向衝突；（2）離職是個人生命歷程與社會文化脈絡下交織而成。三、離職回家的生活調適狀況：（1）內在機制-自主行動力，外在機制-家人及夥伴的連結；（2）先生在家庭中扮演的角色提升全職媽媽的生活滿意度。四、離職回家對其生命發展的影響：（1）離職後生活滿意度高於離職前；（2）親子親密關係提升；（3）積極自我成長、拓展生活範圍、用專業經營一個家。五、未來生涯規劃：（1）以家庭經濟、工作上自我實現需求以及理想的生活型態為是否重回職場的考量；（2）準備重回職場者擔心專業能力不足；（3）能兼顧家庭生活為優先考量的再就業條件。六、社會文化脈絡：（1）民國60年代時代台灣經濟起飛背景下出生長大者普遍感受成長經驗缺乏父母陪伴及栽培；（2）科技產業高工時的環境；（3）社會普遍缺乏孩童照顧是家庭國家集體責任的思維；（4）育嬰假制度不足以解決孩童照顧長期需要的問題；（5）兒童照顧制度呈現高度家庭化；(6)資訊媒體普及，育兒知識及經驗取得並分享容易。本研究認為科技產業專業女性透過對生命歷程的反思及社會提供更多資源或更少的限制，專業女性可以成為自己生涯方向的主體。

The research aimed to explore the life course of the professional women in the high-technology industries who quit their jobs to be fulltime mother. The purpose of the study was to uncover （1）the life themes obtained from these women’s grow-up experiences and how these themes influenced their decisions of quitting the jobs,（2）the conflicts between work and family,（3）the adaptions and changes of being a full-time mother,（4）their plans for the future, and（5） how the society and culture interfered in their quitting job decisions. The researcher used the purposive sampling to choose four mothers who had quit from Hsin-Chu Science Park. The narrative interview data was analyzed by the holistic-content and category-content modes . The findings in the study were as following： 1. The life themes of the four participants in the study were：”the pursuer of loving and being-loved”, ”a mother who lost and found”, ”the home gardener”, and” the partner”. Further, the major life themes influenced their job quitting decision were：（1）The childhood experiences of original family acted the important roles to the themes.（2）The key events and significant others were highlighted in the life themes.（3）The important beliefs and values were the principles of actions.（4）The internal demands were satisfied from low level to high level, and the peak experiences of motherhood would help women ignore low level demands. 2. The conflicts between work and family of professional women in high-technology industries were：（1）Work would affect family and vice versa.（2）Decisions about resignation were influenced by both life themes and social-cultural factors. 3. The adapting mechanism of being full-time mom were：the self agency and the supports from husband, fulltime mom friends, ,and other families. 4. The changes from being a full-time mother were：（1）Higher satisfaction than before quitting job ,（2）Improving mom-child intimacy,（3）More energetic and active attitude . 5. Plans for the future were：（1）Whether going back to career determined by family economy ,the need of self-achievement ,and ideal lifestyles.（2）Those who would find new jobs were lack of confidence in professional abilities.（3）The first priority when considering a new job is whether the job would affect their family life. 6. What interfered in their job quitting decisions from the society and culture were：（1）Those who grew up in the 60's usually feel lacking parental involvement in their childhood. （2）Working hours are long in high-technology industries. （3）The society ignores the responsibility of child care.（4）Parental leave can’t solve the problem of the long term need of caring children. （5）Child care depends on family itself. (6) In this Information Age, it's easy to obtain knowledge and share experience about raising children. The study suggested that with the reflection of life course and more resources, professional industrial women can make decisions in their own careers. Finally, practical suggestions were proposed based on the findings of the study.