完形心理學群化原則應用於數位影像設計的創作研究

Abstract

視覺傳達設計者要了解人們「看」作品的方式與能力，才能設計出使人易懂、豐富、變化、有趣的畫面，協助觀者看見、吸收該訊息；而完形心理學、視覺原理等法則的研究都是提供設計者創作時最基本的養分及利器；因為這些原理的探討可使得創作者更了解人類的視知覺作用與審美要求，使得設計創作者更能正確掌握及表現自己欲傳達的意涵；而這正是本研究最想達成的目標。

是以本研究先探討人類的感覺與相對應之知覺，了解知覺的形成方式及視覺原理之後，再選擇以深究人類知覺理論而創立了視覺法則聞名的完形心理學中的「群化原則」為中心理論研究，進而考究其在設計作品中所產生的影響。最後針對多種感覺與知覺之交互作用，探討設計作品時應該考慮的視覺法則因素，以便能有效運用人類知覺與反應的知識，發揮於數位影像創作設計之中。

運用電腦繪圖軟體直接無中生有，創作數位作品或運用數位相機再配合電腦影像處理軟體以進行影像的製作、保存或創作已是近年來的設計趨勢。是以本創作研究運用的素材就是數位相機及電腦繪圖軟體。從實驗創作過程中，進而匯整出數位媒材應用方式及數位設計的創作流程，提供設計者更有效率及更寬廣的數位創作視野。研究發現：

1.「群化原則」的運用，讓設計創作作品更具力量：顯現出作品的“有機性”與“生命力”。 2.在視覺編排、構圖應用上，「群化原則」的確對數位影像設計工作者帶來創意的啟發性。 3.活用「群化原則」可效率達成「統一中求變化，變化中求統一」的美學要求。 4.設計師運用不同的媒材技術創作，則創作的形式和理念也會受到媒材的影響；且人文關懷的要求，更能帶來感動。

It is essential for a graphic designer to understand the people's manner and ability in "seeing" a work, in order to design some comprehensive, prolific, diverse, and interesting graphics. It can help the viewers see and absorb the messages easier. Likewise, the study of Gestalt psychology and visual theory can provide the designers with the basic nutrients and facilitate them with powerful tools in design because the study of these theories enables the designers to better understand the operation of people's visual capacities and their aesthetic preference. As a result, it allows the designers to grasp and represent the messages they want to transmit more accurately.

First, the study aims to explore the people's feelings and the corresponding sensual organs to understand the formation of the senses and related visual theory. Then, it further explores the "grouping principle", which is formed by applying Gestalt psychology in the studies of people's senses, as the core theoretical framework. In addition, the researcher would like to investigate its impacts on graphic design. Eventually, targeting at various feelings and sensual interactions, the project intends to fathom the visual theories and factors that should be considered when designing a work, to grasp the people's senses and responses effectively, so as to apply them in digital image creation and design.

In recent years, it is the trend for designers to create something out of nothing with computer software. When creating digital images by using a digital camera, the designers process the images with the computer to preserve and create their works. Likewise, in this project the researcher employs a digital camera and computer graphic software as major tools. In the experimental process, the manner of applying digital media and the process of digital design and creation will be recorded to provide the designers with more effective methods and broader perspectives toward the creations. In the research, the project discovered：

1 Applying the "grouping principles" makes the creative works more powerful and sparkle with vitality.

2 In visual arrangement and the applications of graphics, the "grouping principle" is proved to be positive in inspiring designers.

3 The flexible application of the "grouping principle", a branch of Gestalt psychology, can help accomplish the goal of seeking "standardization within diversification, and diversification within standardization."

4 The designers' manners and ideas are bound by the media they employed when designing with various kinds of media and methods. However, humanistic concern can move people more.