芬蘭與臺灣高等教育品質保證制度之比較研究

Abstract

近十餘年來，國際高等教育和我國高等教育面臨大學普及化與市場化挑戰之下，「高等教育品質保證」成為各國提升高等教育競爭優勢及符應國際化需求之最佳途徑。芬蘭的高等教育品質保證制度透過優良、公正的評鑑機制，能有效確保各高等教育機構的教學、研究與行政上的品質。 本研究旨在探討芬蘭與臺灣兩國高等教育品質保證制度之比較研究，俾供政府部門及高等教育機構建立品質保證制度之參考依據。為達到上述目的，本研究採用的研究方法為研究採取文件分析法和比較教育法，蒐集芬蘭與臺灣高等教育品質保證之相關文獻資料進行研究，以進行芬蘭與臺灣高等教育品質保證制度之比較，探討出兩國高等教育品質保證的發展沿革與實施現況比較點，以供作為兩國教育單位進行高等教育品質保證制度決策之依據。 綜合本研究文獻探討結果與研究發現，歸納出以下結論： 一、芬蘭與臺灣高等教育品質保證制度受到國際潮流影響而興起。 二、高等教育品質保證制度之理論基礎，包含高等教育市場化、全面品質管理及教育績效責任三個學理。 三、芬蘭與臺灣在實行高等教育評鑑制度上時間皆已實施三十餘年，前者實施時間較早於後者。 四、芬蘭比臺灣較早實施高等教育品質保證制度，臺灣高等教育評鑑制度正逐步朝向結合品質保證之方向發展。 五、芬蘭高等教育品質保證制度兼具高等教育評鑑制度之特色，而臺灣高等教育評鑑制度則以認可制為主要機制，兩國最終目標皆為提升高等教育品質。 六、芬蘭的高等教育品質保證制度與臺灣的內部評鑑相類似。 七、芬蘭與臺灣均設有專責評鑑機構，芬蘭高等教育評鑑委員會是屬於獨立財團 法人機構；而我國的高等教育評鑑機構屬於半官方性質。 八、芬蘭與臺灣高等教育評鑑制度實施的週期時間不一。 九、芬蘭與臺灣高等教育品質保證制度之建構，均有經歷試辦或實驗之歷程。 十、芬蘭與臺灣高等教育評鑑的內容與標準著重焦點不同。芬蘭的評鑑內容與標準是以高等教育機構及高等教育所開設的專業認證課程為主，而臺灣的評鑑內容與標準包含系所評鑑和校務評鑑兩種。 十一、芬蘭的高等教育評鑑是以提升高等教育之品質為主；而臺灣的高等教育評鑑是由一般性教學評鑑的校務評鑑轉向專業性教學評鑑的系所評鑑。 十二、芬蘭與臺灣的高等教育評鑑制度的評鑑流程相似，均有自我評鑑和外部評鑑。 十三、芬蘭高等教育評鑑制度的結果會影響經費補助，而臺灣高等教育經費並非依據高等教育評鑑結果而分配。 本研究依據上述結論，分別針對教育行政主管機關、高等教育評鑑機構、高等教育機構三方面提出相關的具體建議，以供芬蘭與臺灣兩國教育決策人員參考。

Over the past decade, the international higher education and the popularization of higher education and universities facing the challenge of the market under the "Higher Quality" has become a national competitive advantage and enhanced the higher education needs of an international character being the best way. Finland's higher education quality assurance system through the good and fair evaluation mechanisms can effectively ensure that institutions of higher education teaching, research and administrative quality. The main purposes of this research were to explore higher education in Finland and Taiwan, two countries of comparative study of quality assurance mechanisms, to serve for the establishment of government departments and institutions of higher education quality assurance system of reference. In order to achieve the purposes of this study, the research methods adopted for the study of document analysis and comparison of education method, to collect quality assurance of higher education in Finland and Taiwan, the relevant research literature, for Finland and Taiwan's higher education quality assurance system in comparison quality assurance of higher education between the two countries to explore the history and development and implementation of the current situation more points for the two educational institutions as a quality assurance system for higher education decision-making basis. The conclusions derived from the finding of the study were as follows: 1.Both Finland and Taiwan higher education quality assurance systems have been impacted by the emerging international trends.

2. Higher education quality assurance system of the theory, including the education market, total quality management, new public management and performance of duty four parts. 3.Finland and Taiwan in the implementation of higher education evaluation system time have switched more than thirty years, the former implementation Earlier between the latter. 4. Finland is earlier than Taiwan in the implementation of quality assurance system of higher education, higher education accreditation system in Taiwan is gradually toward the direction with the development of quality assurance. 5. Both the Finnish higher education quality assurance system for higher education accreditation system of the character, and Taiwan's higher education recognized accreditation system places the system as the main mechanism for the two countries are all the ultimate goal of enhancing the quality of higher education. 6. The quality assurance system of higher education between Finland and Taiwan are similar in the internal evaluation. 7. Both Finland and Taiwan have set up dedicated evaluation agency. The Finnish Higher Education Evaluation Committee is an independent consortium Corporate bodies; Evaluation of Taiwan higher education institutions is a quasi-official nature. 8. Finland and Taiwan higher education accreditation system implementation cycle times vary. 9.Finland and Taiwan higher education quality assurance system of the building, have gone through the process of pilot or experimental. 10.Finland and Taiwan higher education evaluation criteria focus on content and focus are different. Content and standards of evaluation in Finland institutions of higher education and higher education standards are professional certification course offered by the main evaluation in Taiwan Department of content and standards of evaluation and the school include evaluation two. 11.Finnish higher education evaluation is mainly to enhance the quality of higher education; assessment of higher education in Taiwan is a general evaluation of the school teaching evaluation turned professional evaluation of the system of teaching evaluation. 12.Finland and Taiwan higher education evaluation system evaluation process is similar to both self-assessment and external evaluation. 13.The results of the Finnish higher education evaluation system will affect the funding, the Taiwan higher education Higher education funding is not based on evaluation results and distribution. The study based on the above conclusion, namely the administrative authorities for education, higher education, evaluation, higher education, three areas related to specific recommendations for the educational administrator as some reference upon policy making.