日治時期河港與內陸聚落街屋立面形式之比較探討－以彰化鹿港、田中為例

Abstract

本研究的對象為鹿港鎮與田中鎮，主要為探討河港聚落與內陸聚落二者之間的「地方特性」，在經過相同政策下，其差異對於街屋立面發展的影響。首先分析兩地「地方特性」的差異，並探討兩地街屋的變遷過程與發展脈絡，進而比較兩地街屋建築立面形式之異同。 本研究歸納其差異有以下幾點： 一、女兒牆段面與開窗 二、建築樓層數 三、陽台設置 四、立面建材 從歷史發展而言，鹿港為一很早開發的聚落，商業貿易帶來地方的繁 榮，人民過著富庶的生活。相較之下，田中則顯的薄弱許多。 日治時期施行市區改正計畫時，鹿港中山路被迫拓寬而重建立面，促成當時新建材鋼筋水泥的大量使用，也因此為因應建材的特性與施工的便利，以及呼應當時流行的式樣，而產生了鹿港街屋的立面風格。 田中大多數的街屋聚集於員集路，興建之時已具有道路寬度的考量，並使用當時所盛行的紅磚作為建材，利用磚砌手法在立面上求變化，也因對於道路寬度的遠見，故在施行市區改正計畫時，並未再寬道路，亦使得街屋立面得以保存，不再重建，因此立面建材為造成鹿港與田中街屋在立面形式上主要的差異原因。 由此可知，建築與地方上的政策、經濟、歷史以及當時所盛行的式樣息息相關，亦在在反應出地方的獨特性。 The object of this research is Lukang Town and Tienchung Town. It focuses on the “Locality” between river port settlement and interior settlement. After passing through the same policy, the differences among them influence the characteristics of facade development regarding the Street House. First, it analyzes the difference of the “Locality” between two places, discusses the development, and then compares the similarities and dissimilarities of the characteristics of facade of the Street House between two towns. The difference was generalized into the following points: 1. parapet 2. Amount of construction floors 3. Balcony 4. Building materials of facades In the historical development, Lukang is a very early development settlement. The commercial trade brings prosperity, people have an affluent and rich life. In comparison, Tienchung is much less populous. During the Japanese ruling time, The City Improvement Plan was implemented. The Zhongshan Road in Lukang was compelled to expand and the facades of the shop-house were reconstructed. Therefore the new material— reinforced concrete—was in great use. On account of the characteristics of material and construction convenience, and to respond to the fashionable style at that time, the characteristics of facade of the Street House in Lukang was born. Most of the Street House in Tienchung gathered on Yuanji Road. The road width was taken into consideration at that time and the red bricks, which were popular then, were in use to make some changes on the characteristics of facade. Also because of the foresight of the road width, the roads were not widening while The City Improvement Plan was implemented. So the characteristics of facade of the Street House were preserved without rebuilding. The material became the main reason causing the difference on the characteristics of facade of the Street House between Lukang town and Tienchung Town.

Consequently, the construction was closely related to the policy, the economy, the history, and the popular model at that time. All of them responded to the local uniqueness.