不同負荷之游泳訓練對兒童游泳成績與生長激素及甲狀腺素的影響

Abstract

目的：比較不同負荷之游泳訓練對兒童游泳成績（25公尺、100公尺捷式）、生長激素（GH）、甲狀腺素（T3、T4）及促甲狀腺素（TSH）的影響。材料與方法：以50名10-13歲國小學生為受試對象，分別為35名校隊組（訓練至少一年以上）與15名非校隊組（未接受訓練），校隊組平均身高143.2±12.6cm、體重37.2±10.8kg，非校隊組平均身高142.1±10.2cm，體重34.45±7.98kg。研究開始前進行前測，訓練4週後進行中測，訓練12週結束後進行後測。校隊組每週訓練5天，每天約1.5小時，非校隊組每週訓練3天，每天約1小時。三次檢測統一於上午8點進行靜脈採血（採血前需空腹8小時），分析血漿中GH、T3、T4及TSH的濃度值。研究結果統計方法均為二因子變異數分析。結果：一、校隊組GH自前測至後測均顯著高於非校隊組（p＜.05），但兩組在T3、T4及TSH則無差異。二、兩組的T3於第四週訓練後皆明顯上升（p<.05）、TSH先明顯上升後明顯下降（p<.05）、T4則無明顯改變。三、十二週不同負荷之游泳訓練中，兩組自第四週起均顯著進步（p＜.05），第十二週亦比第四週進步（p<.05）。結論：長期游泳訓練對於骨骼、肌肉的正常生長發育應有正面的幫助。一週三次訓練使初期接觸游泳訓練之兒童的游泳成績有明顯進步；對初級選手來說，一週五次的訓練亦使其游泳表現穩定提升。

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different load swimming training on children’s performance (25m and 100m free style), growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone (T3,T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration. Methods: There were 35 male swimming team members (at least trained one year) and 15 general students (hadn’t received any training), ages from 10 to 13 years old, were recruited as the subjects of this study. The average high and weight of training boys and general boys were 143.2 +- 12.6cm and 37.2+-10.8kg, and142.1+-10.2 cm and 34.45+-7.98kg, respectively. The training load was 5 days per week, 1.5 hours each day for training team members and 3 days per week, one hour each session for general boys and lasted for 12 weeks. The blood samples were taken before training, after 4 weeks of training and after 12 weeks of training at 8 am after 8 hours fasting for GH, TSH, T3 and T4 analysis. The collected data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA. Results: 1, The GH concentrations of trained members were significantly higher (p<.05) than that of general boys from pre test to post test. However, there were no significant differences of T3, T4, and TSH between two groups at different tests. 2, The T3 after 4 weeks and after 12 weeks of training of both groups were significantly higher than that of pre test. The TSH after 4 weeks of training was significantly higher than pre test and then dropped significantly (P<.05). The T4 was not different among different testing periods. 3, the 25m and 100m performances were improved significantly after 4 weeks of training, and the performances of 12 weeks of training were better than that of 4 weeks of training. Conclusions: The prolonged swimming training will increase children GH level may benefit the muscular and bone growth. The training programs 3 days per week for general children and 5 days per week for team members will improve their swimming performance.