暗黑四特質與自我監控量表中文化暨其與人格、暗黑幽默風格及主觀幸福感之關聯性研究

Abstract

暗黑特質的研究發跡於近20年。然而，國內目前缺乏對暗黑特質的認識，也缺乏一套適用於亞臨床情境，並經信度與效度驗證的自評式暗黑特質評量工具。此外，暗黑特質中的惡意之最：病態人格，被指出具有變色龍的特質；而這也與Snyder所指出「高自我監控者」具備的特徵不謀而合。然經現代測驗理論重新驗證，自我監控應為包含獲得型與保護型自我監控的雙因子模式，而國內目前的評量工具僅測量到前者。是此，本研究共分成三項子研究：研究一旨在發展繁體中文版簡式暗黑四特質量表（Short Dark Tetrad-Traditional Chinese version, SD4-TC）；研究二旨在發展繁體中文版獲得性-保護型自我監控量表（Acquisitive and Protective Self-Monitoring Scale-Traditional Chinese version, APSMS-TC）；研究三旨在納入HEXACO性格模式、暗黑幽默風格及主觀幸福感等多元化社會心理變項檢視其與病態人格、自我監控的關聯性。本研究以問卷調查法蒐集資料，研究一至三分別蒐集483、721、863位大學生資料。研究結果發現，研究一25題的SD4-TC具有良好的內部一致性（Cronbach’s α = .64 ~ .85）、再測信度（rs = .74 ~ .85）、組合信度（CR = .65 ~ .86）及合理適配的建構效度（RMSEA = .066, SRMR = .08）。研究二12題的APSMS-TC具有良好的內部一致性（α = .77、.69）、建構效度（RMSEA = .074, SRMR = .05）。SD4-TC與APSMS-TC均具有良好的效標關聯效度與跨性別的量尺恆等性。研究三則發現不同的暗黑幽默風格可中介病態人格與正負向情感之關聯性；不同人格特質對病態人格與不同類型的自我監控具調節效果；且病態人格、雙因子自我監控與主觀幸福感之理論模式可達合理之模式適配度。本研究所發展的SD4-TC與APSMS-TC具有良好信度及效度，未來可應用於教育心理、輔導諮商、臨床、職場人際、性別等領域，並強調透過本研究揭露病態人格之行為模式促進大眾對其的辨識度以期維護個人最大心理健康福祉。

The research trend of dark traits has been prompted in recent 20 years. However, neither does such a concept recognized nor a valid assessment tool exists in Taiwan. Meanwhile, the most malevolent character among the dark traits, psychopathy, has been indexed by chameleon-like, a character that is in line with “high self-monitor” as directed by Snyder. Self-monitor has currently been proved as an independent, bivariate model, which includes acquisitive and protective self-monitoring. Yet the assessment tools currently used in Taiwan only detect the former. Hence, the present study has three aims: (1) to develop a Traditional Chinese version of the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4-TC), (2) to develop a Traditional Chinese version of the Acquisitive and Protective Self-Monitoring Scale (APSMS-TC), and (3) to examine their relationships with Hexaco personalities, dark humor styles, and subjective well-being. Results showed that both SD4-TC and APSMS-TC have good reliabilities, reasonable construct validities, good criterion-related validities, and metric invariance by gender. Moreover, the present study reveals that dark humor styles mediate the relationship between psychopathy and positive and negative affect. Also, personalities moderate the relationship between psychopathy and acquisitive and protective self-monitoring. Lastly, the theoretical model of “psychopathy, bivariate self-monitor, and subjective well-being” reaches a reasonable model fit. This study strongly recommended promoting the use of SD4-TC and APSMS-TC in multiple areas such as educational psychology, counseling, and workplaces.