臺灣地區高中職學生正確使用止痛藥知識、態度與行為之研究

Abstract

本研究目的在探討臺灣地區高中職學生正確使用止痛藥知識、態度與行為的現況及其相關因素。研究對象為102學年度第一學期全國高中職學生，採等比機率抽樣方法。研究工具採自填結構式網路調查問卷，共調查33所學校，計2910名學生完成問卷填寫。研究結果如下： 一、五成受測學生表示過去一年曾使用醫師開立的止痛藥，及六成曾使用其他如熱/冰敷、放鬆、按摩等方式處理疼痛問題。七成學生表示曾從醫生、家人獲得處理疼痛資訊。 二、五成以上學生答錯或不知道成年人每天使用解熱鎮痛藥不可以超過4000毫克，約三成學生不曉得解熱鎮痛藥會產生肝毒性，另有三成學生不知道止痛藥與酒精一起服用會增加肝損傷風險。 三、學生傾向有正向的正確使用止痛藥態度與正確使用止痛藥行為。 四、複迴歸分析結果顯示，學生年級愈高、疼痛問題處理方式是「服用醫師開立的止痛藥」、「使用藥品以外的方法（如熱/冷敷、放鬆、按摩等）」，處理疼痛的資訊來源來自「醫療專業人員」、「家人」，學生會「看止痛藥使用標示」及正確使用止痛藥知識、態度愈高者，其正確使用止痛藥行為表現愈好。相反的，學生疼痛問題處理方式為「服用至藥局購買的止痛藥品」、「服用家人/朋友提供止痛藥品」，疼痛資訊來源是來自於「朋友」、「媒體」者，其正確使用止痛藥行為表現愈不好。 建議學校可與當地藥師合作，辦理教師增能工作坊與學生正確用藥教學，增能師生正確使用止痛藥知能，並鼓勵推動正確用藥親子教育活動。The purpose of this study was to explore students’ knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding the correct use of analgesics and to examine the related factors. A probability-proportionate-to-size sampling method was used. Thirty-three senior/vocational high schools were randomly selected. A total of 2,910 students completed the online self-administered questionnaire in 2013. The main findings were as follows. 1.Half of the students reported that they had ever used a pain reliever prescription during the past year. About 62.2% had ever used other pain management techniques such as heat/ice, relaxation, massage, while about 70% reported that they received pain management information from health professionals or family. 2.More than half of the students did not know that when taking pain medication containing acetaminophen, adults should not exceed 4,000 mg per day. About 22.1% of the students did not know the hepatotoxicity risk of taking acetaminophen, while 36.2% did not know that people who drink alcoholic beverages or have hepatitis increase their liver damage risk when taking pain medication containing acetaminophen. 3.Students tend to have positive attitudes and behaviors regarding the correct use of analgesics. 4.Multiple regression analysis showed that students in higher grades who take analgesic prescriptions and use other pain management techniques such as hot/cold therapy, relaxation, and massage were more likely to demonstrate correct analgesic use behaviors if they had received pain management information from health professionals or family and had read the warning labels. In contrast, students taking analgesics from drugstores or family/friends, who had received pain management information only from friends or media, were more likely to practice poor analgesic use behavior. The promotion of partnerships between schools and pharmacists is suggested along with the implementation of teachers’ training workshops, students’ education programs, and parent-child activities in order to enhance correct analgesics use literacy.