大學生親職化、孝道信念與幸福感之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討大學生親職化、孝道信念與幸福感之間的關係，並探討「親職化」與「孝道」這兩者的概念是否雷同。本研究採用便利取樣抽取台灣地區公私立大學一到四年級在校生為研究對象，共計504名，並採問卷調查法進行資料蒐集。使用的研究工具有Yeh與Bedford (2003)編製的「孝道信念量表」、石芳萌(2007)所修訂的「親職化量表」及陸洛 (1987)所修訂的「中國人幸福感量表」。調查所得資料分別以單因子多變量變異數分析、積差相關以及階層迴歸分析之統計方法進行處理。本研究主要發現如下： 一、不同性別之大學生的親職化表現不同，主要表現在「不公平性」。不同出生序之大學生的親職化表現不同，主要表現在「功能性照顧」。 二、不同性別之大學生的孝道信念表現不同，主要表現在「相互性孝道信念」。不同出生序之大學生的孝道信念表現沒有不同。 三、大學生親職化量表分量表之間有顯著相關，主要表現在「功能性照顧」與「情感性照顧」有顯著正相關；「功能性照顧」與「不公平性」有顯著正相關。 四、大學生孝道信念量表各分量表之間在統計上有顯著正相關。 五、大學生親職化量表與孝道信念量表各分量表在統計上有顯著相關。 六、親職化與孝道信念均能個別有效預測大學生之幸福感受，此外在控制孝道信念後，大學生親職化對幸福感有獨立的預測功能。 最後，研究者根據本研究結果加以討論，並提出建議，以應用在諮商輔導、親職教育，並作為未來研究之參考。The purpose of this study were to investigate the relations among parentification, filial piety and happiness for college students in Taiwan, and to explore that parentification was similar to filial piety or not. The samples are comprised of 504 college students from Taiwan based on purposive sampling, and Questionnaire survey is conducted as the study method. The instruments used in this study were “Parentification Scale”, “Filial PietyScale”, and “Chinese Happiness Iventory ”. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by MANOVAs , Pearson’s product-moment correlation and hierarchical regression. The findings are as follows: 1. There was significant difference in “unfairness” among groups of gender. There was significant difference in “instrumental caregiving” among groups of birth order. 2. There was significant difference in “reciprocal filial piety” among groups of gender. There was no significant difference in “filial piety” among groups of birth order. 3.There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “instrumental caregiving” and “emotional caregiving” ; and there is a positive significant correlation between perceived “instrumental caregiving” and “unfairness” . 4. There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “reciprocal filial piety” and “authoritarian filial piety”. 5. There is a positive significant correlation between perceived “parentification” and “filial piety” 6. Both parentification and filial piety could effectively predict the happiness of college students. After statistical control of filial piety, parentification could predict the happiness independently. Based on the results, implication of the study for counseling and guidance and suggestion for the future research were proposed as well.