高中男子跆拳道選手急速減重及恢復期高醣攝取之影響

Abstract

目的：探討急速減重前、後和恢復期高醣攝取的身體組成、血液生化值和運動能力各變項之差異。方法：受試者為8位高中男子跆拳道選手，先讓受試者以一週時間減去至少5％體重後，再經過16小時高醣攝取(75％碳水化合物、10％蛋白質、15％脂肪)的營養介入。並分別於急速減重前、後及恢復期後測試受試者的身體組成、血液生化值和運動表現。實驗結果以相依樣本單因子變異數分析 (one-way ANOVA) 考驗三階段生理變項之差異；當主要效果達顯著時，以杜凱氏HSD進行事後比較。結果：1.三階段之體重、非脂肪體重、細胞內液、細胞外液、骨質重、蛋白質重、肌肉重均達顯著差異(p<.05)，而脂肪重、體脂肪率、脂肪分佈無顯著差異。2.急速減重前、後之血糖、血中尿素氮、血紅素、血漿量均達顯著差異(p<.05)；恢復期後之血紅素顯著低於急速減重後(p<.05)。3.急速減重後之背肌力顯著低於急速減重前(p<.05)；恢復期後之背肌力顯著高於急速減重後(p<.05)。立定三次跳、立定垂直跳、折返跑、曲折跑在各階段皆無顯著差異。結論：急速減重會影響高中跆拳道選手的生理狀況及運動表現，而恢復期攝取高醣類的飲食仍無法回復至減重前的水準。

Purpose: The study was to investigate the effect of rapid weight loss one week before competition and high carbohydrate intake during 16 hours following official body weighing on body composition, metabolism and performance. Method: Subjects were 8 male Taekwondo players of high school. High carbohydrate diet consisted of 75% of carbohydrates, 10% of protein, and 15% of fat. All testing data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA with repeated measure statistical procedure. When the main effect reached significant level, a HSD procedure was applied. Result: 1. Significant differences were found in body mass index, lean body mass, intra- and extra- cellular fluid, protein, bone mineral, and muscle mass (p<.05) among values before weight reduction, post weight reduction and pre-competition period. 2. Significant difference was also found in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hemoglobin concentration and plasma volume (p<.05) as a result of 5% of weight reduction. 3. Even if back strength decreased significantly after weight reduction and almost recovered to baseline (96%) before competition, there was no significant weight reduction effect as well as high carbohydrate effects during recovery period on performance of triple jumping and stand long jumping, stand vertical jumping, shuttle run and zigzag run. Conclusion: Research findings indicate that rapid weight loss significantly interferes with Taekwondo players’ body composition, metabolism and physical performance. Moreover, 16 hours during the recovery period, high carbohydrate diet and drinks may not be effective to eliminate the negative consequences of body weight reduction manipulation.