漫畫在華語教學上的運用-以日本高中生為研究對象-

Abstract

現代日本青少年對學校學習的要求為何？教育者不能只透過旁觀的態度批判其學習意願低落，而是該以青少年的視野，尋找最根本的答案。

本論文首先聚焦於日本高中華語課程開設數量與修課學生人數日益增加的現況，進而探究日本高中華語教學的現況，再把重點放在此現況所帶來的問題與其改善之道，旁及日本高中教育之整體問題所帶來的影響，研究最適合現代日本高中生的華語教學方式。

佐藤學（2001）提出現代日本青少年面對學習所產生的「虛無主義」（nihilism）與「冷笑主義（即犬儒主義)」(cynicism）造成其「學習逃避」的嚴重情況。町田守弘（2005）延伸佐藤的研究指出，教育者該做的並非逼迫已從學習「逃避」的學生回到學習場所，而是把所謂的「學習」建立在學生實際生活「當下」的脈絡上。那麼何謂學生實際生活「當下」的脈絡呢？本研究透過文獻探討與問卷調查發現，與現代日本高中生關係最密切的事物中，漫畫是青少年次文化最主要的媒介之一。其次，本論文再把焦點放在漫畫媒介上，從各式各樣的角度來切入，探討漫畫成為教材的可能性與合理性，接著再提出漫畫教材在語言教學中的利用方法。

有上述的理論基礎之後，本文再進行以 91 位日本高中華語學習者為對象的問卷調查與對兩位高中華語教師的訪問調查，透過調查的結果再設計出以學習者為導向的日本流行漫畫華語課程，藉以提高學習者的學習動機與學習興趣。筆者深信本論文能夠幫助學習者習得自然的華語會話能力，進而提供給日本高中華語學習者較新鮮的學習樂趣與感動。

What motivates contemporary Japanese teenagers to learn? Instead of merely criticizing the low level of motivation among teenage students, educators should seek a solution to the fundamental problem by understanding the teenagers' perspective.

This thesis first focuses on the increasing of the number of Chinese language courses in Japanese high schools and the number of the students taking them. Next, an assessment is made of current programs teaching Chinese as a second language in the Japanese high school system, including a diagnosis of their problems, followed by proposed solutions to said problems. Additionally, the impact of the Japanese educational system as a whole is also addressed. Lastly, a more effective method for teaching Chinese to Japanese high school students is presented.

It was suggested by Satō Manabu (2001) that the educational system in Japan leads teenagers into nihilism and cynicism. A serious side-effect of this is that these students end up turning to “escaping from learning [sic]” as a coping mechanism. Machida Morihiro (2005), extending Satō’s research, points out that educators should not to force students afflicted by “escaping from learning” back into the classroom, but rather to help them establish learning in the real-life context of “here and now.” So what then is the real-life context of "here and now" for Japanese teenagers? By way of literature review and a questionnaire survey, it was found that one thing that Japanese teenage students cherish is MANGA, a type of Japanese comic book. As such, MANGA is one of the main forms of media taken seriously by Japanese youth subculture. For this reason, this study focuses on MANGA. The possibility and rationality of using it as a teaching tool is discussed from various perspectives, followed by an introduction to the proper use of MANGA as a medium for language instruction.

Based on the theoretical foundation mentioned above, a questionnaire survey was conducted on Japanese high school students studying Chinese, with a total of 91 students participating in the survey. A second survey was also conducted consisting of interviews with two high school Chinese language teachers. Based on the results of these two surveys, a learner-oriented Chinese language course was designed utilizing popular MANGA as a medium of instruction. Both the results of this study and the language course presented herein will aid students in the acquisition and development of natural Chinese conversation skills as well as return to them the fun and excitement of learning.