關迺忠《第四二胡協奏曲–愛恨情仇》之分析與詮釋

Abstract

關迺忠《第四二胡協奏曲–愛恨情仇》是新加坡華樂團的委託創作，作曲家將古琴曲〈胡笳十八拍〉與東漢蔡文姬的人物故事融合在樂曲中，並依照人物故事情節為樂章命名「愛恨情仇」，這個標題並不是樂章順序，而是稱呼各種情感的慣用語。這首樂曲是用八度定弦的二胡演奏，與常用的五度定弦不同，並且引用古琴彈奏方法於二胡演奏上，引起筆者研究此作品的興趣。 本文的文獻探討分為四個部分，分別為：第四二胡協奏曲、作曲家及作品、胡笳十八拍與大小胡笳以及二胡定弦定音之相關文獻。而筆者在詮釋部分先做了配弦測試分析，將使用的弦做粗細測量，並做內外弦配置的測試分析，然後進行演奏上的詮釋。 經過筆者深入研究後，八度定弦並沒有專用的弦，使得在詮釋之前，必須進行弦的配置，做了多次的測試，只有一種配弦方式是最穩定、粗細數值最接近、弦鬆緊度最適宜的方式。在演奏上，需要模仿古琴的彈奏方法呈現主旋律，樂曲又有許多的大跳音與十二音列，在八度定弦的二胡上都需要多加揣摩、思考。二胡的八度定弦樂曲非常少，這樣的定弦除了模仿古琴彈奏方法，還能為二胡定弦的發展多一項嘗試，期盼未來能有更多二胡定弦的作品與研究。Naizhong Guan's Fourth Erhu Concerto "The Beloved and The Hatred"is a composition commissioned by Singapore Chinese Orchestra. The composer mixid materials into the composition: the Guqin song"Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute"and Cai Wenji's story of Eastern Han dynasty. The song requires musicians to use eighths string-tuning on Erhu to play, which is different from fifths string-tuning. And it merges Guqin playing techniques into Erhu's playing. These are the main reasons that the author is interested in the composition.

The literature review will be divided into 4 parts: fourth erhu concerto, the composer and his composition, eighteen songs of a nomad flute, and erhu string-tuning and tone-tuning. The author first focused on analyzing the string thicknesses and then focused on playing techniques.

After an in-depth research, the author found out that only one test method is most stable, thickness closest, string tightness most suitable in a lot of tests. During the performance, musicians need to imitate Guqin playing mode to show the main theme, the song have a lot of over fifths tone and twelve-tone technique, so the musicians need to ponder of eighths string-tuning Erhu's performance. Eighths string-tuning Erhu songs are very few, this string-tuning in addition to imitate Guqin playing mode also have more Erhu string-tuning development attempt. Looking forward to more Erhu string-tuning compositions and researches in the future.