噪音對閩南語平聲感知的影響

Abstract

本論文旨在探討聲調感知與非語言噪音之間的關係，其重點包括以下三個方面：（一）非語言噪音的影響、（二）不同語調類型的差異，以及（三）上述兩因素之間的互動關係。三十位對臺灣閩南語（Taiwanese Southern Min）熟練度較低之中文母語使用者參與聲調辨識實驗，他們在72種不同條件下（36種有噪音：3種聲調 × 4種噪音類型 × 3種信噪比（signal-to-noise ratio） + 36種無噪音：3種聲調 × 12次重複）識別臺灣閩南語的平聲調。研究收集並分析了在不同聲調類型、噪音類型和信噪比之下，研究參與者對於聲調判別之準確率及反應時間。根據邏輯式回歸分析（logistic regression）和三因子分析（three-way ANOVA）的結果顯示，低平調最容易識別，而高平調和中平調常常被混淆。語音譯碼噪音（speech-shaped noise）和粉紅噪音顯著損害了聲調辨識，而在白噪音和藍噪音中的表現則與無噪音之狀態相似。互動效應雖然無統計顯著，仍顯示出在較低的信噪比下產生了不同的錯誤類型：其中語音譯碼噪音造成辨識低平調時有較多錯誤，而粉紅噪音導致更多聲調被誤判為低平調。總體而言，研究結果顯示聲學差異（acoustic distance）和語言經驗對於初學者在噪音中的聲調感知皆有顯著的影響。此外，本研究結果也建議可進一步探索有色噪音（colored noises）在聽覺感知研究中的應用，特別是對專注力較不集中之學生或人工電子耳之使用者。This thesis investigates the relationship between tone perception and nonspeech noises, focusing on three main areas: (1) the influence of nonspeech noises, (2) differences among tone types, and (3) the interaction between these factors. Thirty Mandarin Chinese speakers with low proficiency in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) participated in a tone identification task, where they identified TSM level tones under 72 different conditions (36 with noise: 3 tones × 4 types of noise × 3 SNRs + 36 without noise: 3 tones × 12 repetitions). Accuracy rates and reaction times were collected and analyzed, considering tone type, noise type, and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Analyses from the logistic regression and three-way ANOVA revealed that the low-level tone was the easiest to identify, while the high-level and mid-level tones were often confused. Speech-shaped noise (SSN) and pink noise significantly impaired tone identification, while performance in white noise and blue noise was similar to the quiet condition. Although statistically insignificant, the interaction effects still reveal different error patterns at lower SNRs: SSN led to more errors in identifying low-level tones, while pink noise resulted in more tones being mistakenly perceived as low-level tones. Overall, the findings highlight the predominant role of acoustic distance and language experience for beginners regarding tone perception in noise, suggesting further exploration of colored noises in auditory perception research, particularly for less attentive students or cochlear implant users.