清代彰化縣儒學的建置與組織

Abstract

近年來受本土化與國際化思潮的影響，臺灣教育史學界逐漸重視臺灣地方教育史的研究。本文以清代彰化縣儒學為對象，希望藉由縣儒學的設立、學宮興建、師資與學額的編制、經費來源與運用，建構清代彰化縣儒學的教育發展面貌。從研究中可以發現，彰化縣儒學的設立，提供士子應試登科機會，也提昇地方文化風氣，在推動儒學教育起了重大的作用。再者，彰化學宮歷經多次整修重建，至嘉慶、道光時期，不論孔廟祭祀空間、教學建築及其他附屬配置，格局已相當完整，在清代臺灣各儒學中，僅次於府學的格局。縣學的師資任用方面，教諭大多數為舉人出身，五貢正途其次，素質頗佳。訓導雖然舉人仍占半數，但其他出身者也不少，且兼職者多，較不利於推展教育。縣儒學的經費來源，除官方固定的配額外，地方士紳捐獻多，且擁有大量的學田收入。另從學額逐次增加，也與彰化地方開發、人口增加、文風開展有密切關係。

This article describes the configuration of Confucian education in local government school in Changhua, Taiwan during the Ching Dynasty. The Changhua local school provided opportunities for scholars to succeed in imperial examinations, raised the level of local culture, and advanced the education of Confucianism. The facilities of the Changhua local school were equipped well, and its teachers were pretty well qualified. Most school instructors and half of the drill masters had succeeded in provincial examinations. The financial resources of the school came from the government, local literati, and farms that belonged to the Confucius institutes.