印尼馬魯古省西塞蘭縣Huamual區的暴洪災害：潛勢與管理

Abstract

Huamual 區位於安汶塞蘭半島上，由於偏僻且交通不便，遠離縣城發達地區，以致於較為落後，因此，應當地需求，許多發展計畫應運而生。由於Huamual 區常有暴洪災害發生，對經濟成長甚為不利，因此，當地政府及社區的抗災能力有待加強。馬魯古省災防局指出，2012 年8 月1日馬古魯安汶市暴洪，Huamual 區受創最為嚴重。為了準備加強當地抗災能力計畫，有關Huamual區Huamual 半島西海岸的災害風險情況調查已被完成，並將於本文中進行報告。2014 年7 月14 日至19 日已完成田野調查的基本研究，包括Nasiri、Mange-mange、Amaholu Losi 及Hatawano 等村落，田野調查除了收集二手資料外，也針對當地西塞蘭縣災害管理局職員、村落幹部、社區成員等進行訪談，並進行現場觀察及河床質取樣。本文將探討當地的災害風險面向，包括災害、脆弱性、能力等，另外，也探討減災面向，包括災前、災中應變，以及復原階段。本研究有六大發現：(1)暴洪是除了山崩外最主要的自然災害；(2)社區雖位於好災區，但居民未能有足夠的災防知識，不過現在他們已漸漸知道；(3)西塞蘭縣災害管理局已成立兩年，但缺少經費及人力，以致於沒有年度的增能計畫、標準作業流程、及災防計畫；(4)沒有任何應對自然災害的社區整備，只能借重過去的災防經驗；(5)當面臨任何災害發生時，社區只能依賴自己的成員；(6)村落進行復原時，社區只能依賴印尼原住民的社區自助精神，以自有資源共同工作。

Huamual District which is located in west peninsula of Seram Island within Ambon Province is one of the under developed areas since its remote location and limited transport facilities from its regency capital and other developed areas. Therefore, the development program for that area needs to be boasted and secured. One of drawback of the economic development growth in Huamual District caused by current frequent flash flood disaster occurrences. Therefore, disaster resilient of both the local government and communities need to be strengthened. The Provincial Disaster Mitigation Agency of Maluku points that Huamual District was the most severe hit area by flash flood in Maluku beside Ambon City areas in 1st August 2012. In order to prepare a program for increasing disaster resilient in that area, investigation of the disaster risk condition along the west coast of Huamual Peninsula within Huamual District has been conducted and reported in this paper. Reference study has been conducted followed by a field survey in the period of July 14th to July 19th 2014. The field survey was conducted on several sub-villages such as Nasiri, Mange-mange, Amaholu Losi, and Hatawano. The activities in the field survey were secondary data collection, interview to Local Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) of West Seram Regency staffs, to sub-village leaders, to local community members, visual observation survey and river bed material sampling. This paper discusses disaster risk aspect found in the areas which consists of hazard, vulnerability, capacity and also mitigation aspect which consists of pre-disaster, disaster response and recovery phases. The results of this study are the following six findings. 1) The flash flood is the main cause of the natural disaster beside landslide. 2) Although the community settled in the prone area, they do not have knowledge about disaster mitigation but now, they are more aware. 3) BPBD in West Seram Regency has no yearly program related to capacity