生產要素與經濟發展的關係─以高競爭力國家為例

Abstract

生產要素包括通常資本、土地、和勞動力，後來許多學者研究發現教育也是生產要素的一部份；經濟發展則常指國內生產毛額。本研究目的在探討生產要素與經濟發展的關係，利用世界銀行提供的各國基本數據資料庫，以國家為單位，選取其中國家競爭力高於台灣的22個國家（簡稱「高競爭力國家」）當作標竿對象，研究結果發現：（1）四個生產要素中，只有勞動力這個生產要素與經濟發展有高度正相關；（2）資本、土地和高等教育入學率三個因素各與經濟發展呈現低度正相關；（3）資本與勞動力對經濟發展有預測效果；（4）土地與高等教育入學率對經濟發展沒有預測功能。Factors of production usually refers to capital, land and labor; and, education became one of factors of production in later studies. Economic development refers to gross domestic product (GDP). The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship among factors of production and economic development. Based on the data offered by the World Bank, the subjects of this study were 22 nations which were more competitive than Taiwan (afterwards called highly competitive nations). Consequently, the following results were obtained: (1) In the four factors of production, only labor has a positive and strong correction with economic development. (2) The three factors, capital land and higher education enrollment rate, have a positive and week correlation with economic development, respectively. (3) Capital and labor may be utilized to predict economic development. (4) Land and higher education enrollment rate may not be used to predict economic development.