動畫的使用方式如何影響高二學生的化學學習 —以電化學單元為例

Abstract

本研究以中學所提到的電化學概念為例，欲探討不同的動畫使用方式，分別 是「僅觀看動畫(Visualization)」(稱為 V 組)，讓學生在「觀看動畫後畫圖(Drawing)」 (稱為 VD 組)，以及讓學生在「觀看動畫後製作動畫(Animation)」(稱為 VA 組)，對於學生的學習成效及科學學習動機有何影響。本研究以一所市立高中， 一類組的高二學生為研究對象，共三個班級，109 人，課程模式採用 VGEM (Visualize, Generate, Evaluate, Modify，觀看、產出、評析、修正四個階段)，僅 其中的 V 組無產出的階段，但三組教學時間一致。研究工具包含量化的概念診 斷測驗、科學學習動機量表，進行前、後測及延宕測驗;質性資料來自焦點學生 在課程中的對話錄音以及 VD 組、VA 組學生的成品。研究結果顯示，V 組、VD 組、VA 組之間在電化學概念上並無顯著差異，但是僅觀看動畫的 V 組，較無法 提升關於電荷平衡的概念，而 VA 組對於微觀層次和多層次概念的記憶滯留是有 顯著的效果，且透過製作動畫能夠有效地減少學生的另有概念;除此之外，VD 組、VA 組因產出方式的不同，在過程中也有很大的差異，VA 組比 VD 組有更 高的比例是與化學概念相關的對話，且能夠應用更多的先備知識，雖然三組之間 在科學學習動機上並無顯著差異，但是讓學生經過畫圖或是製作動畫的產出方式， 經過組內前後測的比較，結果顯示有助提升其學習動機。

This study aims to explore how different ways of using visualizations influence students’ conceptual understanding and learning motivation in electrochemical concepts. 109 eleventh graders from three classes in a municipal high school were assigned to three groups: “visualization only” (V group), “drawing after watching the visualization” (VD group), and “creating animation after watching the visualization” (VA group). The instruction sequence used for the three groups followed a VGEM model (Visualize, Generate, Evaluate and Modify), except V group which did not have the “Generate” stage. All groups spent the same amount of time learning the concepts. In this mixed-methods study, multiple sources of data were collected including pre-, post-, and delayed-tests of students’ conceptual understanding, pre-, post-questionnaires of students’ motivation toward science learning, video recordings of focus students’ classroom conversations, and drawings and animations created by the VD and VA groups. The research results showed no significant differences in the total scores of the concept tests between the three groups. However, the item analysis revealed that V group improved less on the concepts of charge balance while VA group showed a significant effect on the memory retention of the concepts at the microscopic level and across multiple levels. The results also suggested that creating animations could effectively reduce students’ alternative conceptions. Additionally, VA and VD groups demonstrated different patterns in their conversations due to the different visualizations they created. VA group had a higher proportion of dialogues related to chemical concepts and applied more prior knowledge than VD group. Although no significant difference was found in the science learning motivation between the three groups, the paired sample t-tests within the groups showed significant increases in motivation in VA and VD groups. This suggested that drawing figures or making animations enhance students’ motivation.