瑜珈調息法對高中女子運動員賽前情緒及運動表現之影響

Abstract

本研究目的為探討瑜珈調息法對運動員賽前情緒及運動表現之影響，受試者為38名高中女子桌球、籃球運動員，依運動項目各自隨機分配為兩組，分別為實驗組、對照組，兩組人數分別為桌球各9名、籃球各10名，實驗組施以「瑜珈調息法」，對照組施以「漸進放鬆訓練」，每週二次，每次15分鐘，共8週16次，實驗為期8週後進行比賽測驗運動表現，並填寫賽前狀態性焦慮量表，藉以評估瑜珈調息法對運動員賽前情緒的影響。實驗所得資料進行二因子混合設計變異數分析，結果顯示：一、在賽前狀態性焦慮之認知焦慮和身體焦慮方面，測驗有主要效果，後測皆低於前測。二、瑜珈調息組和漸進式放鬆組在後測的運動表現並無差異。三、瑜珈調息組在運動表現上，後測表現優於前測。結果發現不論是採用瑜珈調息法或是漸進放鬆法，對認知焦慮、身體焦慮都有改善作用。而透過瑜珈調息法的訓練，運動表現相較於先前未訓練時有明顯提升，得知瑜珈運動對於情緒、焦慮等方面有顯著的效果。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Yoga pranayama on pre-match emotion and sports performance for athletes. Thirty-eight female high school table tennis and basketball players participated in this study. According to sports, participants were randomly assigned into two groups, respectively for the experimental and control group. There were 9 table tennis and 10 basketball players in each group. The experimental group was subjected to "yoga pranayama", and the control group was subjected to "progressive relaxation training" twice a week, 15 minutes of each time, totally 16 times for 8 weeks. The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R and sport competition were conducted before and after the 8-week experiment to evaluate effects of Yoga pranayama on athletes' pre-match emotion. Experimental data were further analyzed by mixed 2 × 2 ANOVAs separately. The results showed: First, both the two groups reported lower level of pre-competition cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety at the post-test than at the pre-test. Second, the group of yoga pranayama demonstrated similar sports performance to the group of relaxation training. Third, for the group of yoga pranayama, sports performance at the post-test was better than at the pre-test. The findings suggest that both yoga pranayama and progressive relaxation play an effective role in regulating cognitive anxiety and somatic anxiety. Especially, yoga pranayama training is evident to enhance athletic performance and emotional regulation.