排球扣球技術三維運動學分析

Abstract

本研究的目的為運用三維運動學探討高中男子排球選手在四號位助跑強攻時，扣球動作中各階段技術之探討，實驗受試者共分為普通與優秀兩組(普通組平均年齡、身高、體重與球齡分別為15.9歲、176.5±3.4公分、65.1±2.8公斤及5.3年：優秀組平均年齡、身高、體重與球齡分別為17.2歲、183.8±7.2公分、74±7.1公斤及6.1年)實驗中使用兩部高速攝影機進行同步拍攝以取得相關運動學資料，每位選手需完成六次扣球，選出最佳三次扣球動作進行分析。

研究主要結果為：（一）離地瞬間垂直速度對於跳躍高度有高度相關性（.894），也就是說當離地速度越快時，跳躍高度將越高。（二）跳躍高度與手臂揮擺動作，將是決定排球選手在跳躍扣球時，球離手速度的最重要關鍵所在，當跳躍高度越高，手臂揮擺速度越快，最後擊球後的球速也將越快。（三）指、肘合速度可有效預測球速，兩項聯合預測力達66％，故可解釋球速66％的變異量。綜合上述結果可知跳躍高度與手臂揮擺動作，將是一位排球選手技術訓練的重點所在，因為這兩項將決定最後球速的快慢，所以訓練時就應加強選手下肢肌力提升跳躍能力，力求擊球手臂在揮擺過程當中，能符合動力鏈模式，依次擺動加速，使之手臂揮擺產生之能量在最後擊球瞬間，達到最大效益，使之離手球速快速，提高扣球的威力。The purpose of this study is to identify and describe the biomechanical analysis characteristics of the high school volleyball players jump spike the ball cross-court. Ten elite and eleven average male players participated in this study. The mean age, height, mass, and practice experiences for average players are 15.9yrs, 176.5cm, 65kg, and 5.3yrs respectively. The mean age, height, mass, and practice experiences for elite players are 17.2yrs, 183.8cm, 74kg, and 6.1yrs respectively. Two Peak high-speed cameras (120Hz) were genlocked to record the spiking action.

The results of this study suggest that (1) There is high relation(r=.894) between the height of jump and the vertical velocity of the center of mass at takeoff. (2) Both height of jump and movement of arm swing are the critical factors of initial ball speed when volleyball players spiking. (3) The peak linear velocity of fingers and elbows can predict effectively and determine 66% of ball speed when spiking. Therefore, the main skill training program of volleyball players is aimed to jumping height and movement of arm swing, which can determine initial ball speed. It is suggested that develop the muscles in the legs to jump higher, and making sure that every movement of arm swing show kinetic chain before increase swing speed gradually so to get utmost benefits from the energy of arm swing when smashing, and get faster initial ball speed after smashing and powerful jump spike.